ISBN 978-1-83853-487-5
4
with a broader meaning or sense is replaced by one of the word which has a narrower
meaning. And the second subtype of lexical substitution is generalization. It is a vice
versa of concretization, that is substituting words of a narrower meaning with those
of a wider sense. Let’s analyse the samples of concretization and generalization in the
translations of “O'tkan kunlar”: Abdullah Qadiri: “Qish kunlari bir tutam, “ha,
deguncha” kech boʻladir. Bu kun ham “ha deguncha”ga ham qolmay kech boʻlgʻan,
mehmonlarning kelishkaniga yarim soatlab vaqt oʻtkan edi. Qutidor mehmonlarni
ixlos va samimiyat bilan kutar, ziyofat quyuq-suyuqlari bilan toʻla-toʻkis davom etar
edi. Toʻybeka ichkari bilan tashqarigʻa yugurib dasturxon yangilar, choy tashir edi.
Xizmat tugalayozgʻandan keyin Toʻybeka oʻzining sovub qolgʻan oshini yemak
uchun Oftob oyimlar yonigʻa oʻlturdi.” [3; 31] Carol Ermakova: “Winter days are
so brief, before you can so much as look around, dusk is already falling. This day
seemed even shorter, half an hour had already slipped by since the guests were
welcomed. Kutidor met them with exceptional warmth and gaiety, The dishes were
plentiful and varied. Toibeka scurried between the male and female parts of the
house, swapping dishes and fetching tea. When she finally found a free moment, the
servant sat down with Oftobayim to finish up her pilaf, long-since grown cold.” [4;
34] Mark Reese: “Short winter days meant that one could barely accomplish
anything before sundown. This day darkened like the others, almost without a word.
Half an hour after the sun dropped from the silvery, overcast sky, the guests arrived.
Qutidor solemnly welcomed them with the openheartedness that was in his nature.
Toibeka moved quickly between the male and female rooms, serving refreshments,
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