Module 1 – Grammar

Substitution drill: see drill. 
 
Survey 
Students find out information from others by asking questions or using questionnaires in order to practise. 
 
Target language 
1. The language which is the focus of the lesson or a part of the lesson. It could be grammar, lexis, functions or 
pronunciation. 
2. The language being studied, L2. 

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© 
UCLES 
Cambridge 
ESOL 
2005
18
Task 
An activity which students complete which has a definite result. For example, problem-solving activities or 
information-gap activities are tasks. 
 
Task-type 
A set of questions that are all of one kind which are used to assess students, e.g. multiple choice, gap-fill, 
matching. 
 
Transformation drill: see drill. 
 
Visualise, visualisation 
To form a mental picture of something. Visualisation can help students to remember new words or can be used for 
creative story-telling. 
 
Word map 
A way of recording vocabulary on the same topic in a diagram. This is also known as a mind map. 
ASSESSMENT
 
Achievement test: see test. 
Assessment 
noun
, assess 
verb 
 
Continuous assessment 
A type of testing which is different from a final examination. Some or all of the work that students do during a 
course is part of the final mark.
 
Formal assessment, evaluation 
When a teacher judges students’ work through a test and then gives a formal report or grade to students, to 
say how successful or unsuccessful they have been.