Figure 1: International organisations involved in IUU and related fish crimes issues
Source: Leroy A. and R. Akam (2016)
Technological and digital advances these days allow innovative monitoring equipment to be
attached to traditional sampling gear and collect more data such as ecosystem information,
in order to better manage fish stocks and tackle IUU fishing. For instance, visual inspections
in complex habitats using imaging systems installed on robotic and autonomous underwater
vehicles (AUVs) can contribute to the advancement of marine science and better knowledge
of fish stocks. In addition, advanced analytics, AIS and high-resolution imagery coming from
satellite systems have made a significant change in how countries monitor vessel movements
outside of their 12-nm territorial waters. Governments, businesses and individuals are
increasingly moving towards these new tools.
As the diffusion and use of new technologies increase the cost of monitoring, surveillance
and control at sea, data collection, storage and processing on activities and marine
ecosystems continues to decline drastically. However, the wider use of these new
technologies is still often limited by the cost of satellite imagery and equipment for smaller
vessels, gaps in the interoperability of data-sharing software and hardware, and limited by
the number of individuals adequately trained to use these tools. In addition, as fisheries
management becomes more holistic, data requirements and analyses become increasingly
complex.
This paper gives an overview of new and promising technologies while discussing the
potential of innovative monitoring technologies to better manage fish stocks, MPA and IUU
fishing. Then, the paper discusses public policy implications for their adoption for green
growth.
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