Nomozov Boysoat page1
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Inkor gaplarda Wrong : He does not works in a bank Right : He does not work in a bank Etibor bering: Does yordamchi fe’lidan so’ng fe’lning oddiy shaklini ishlatamiz, fe’lga s qo’shmaymiz 77. O’tgan oddiy zamonni savol va so’roq gaplarida “did” keyin fe’lning oddiy shaklini o’rniga o’tgan zamon shaklini ishlatish xato So’roq gaplarda Wrong : Did you watched the film yesterday? Right : Did you watch the film yesterday? Inkor gaplarda Wrong : You did not watched the film yesterday Right : You did not watch the film yesterday Etibor bering: Did yordamchi fe’lidan keyin fe’lning oddiy shakli (go, do, watch) ishlatamiz, o’tgan zamon fe’lini (went, watched, saw) ishlatmaymiz. 78. Can, might, may, must,shall, va will dan keyin 3 shaxs birlikda(he,she,it) fe’lning oddiy shaklini o’rniga fe’lga “s” qo’shish xato Wrong : Abror can speaks English very well Right : Abror can speak English very well
79. Bosh gapi o’tgan zamon bo’lgan ergash gaplarda would/’d o’rniga will/’ll ishlatish xato Wrong: He said (that) he will/’ll come tomorrow Right: He said (that) he would/’d come tomorrow Etibor bering: Bosh gap o’tgan zamonda bo’lsa “will” ni biz “would” ga o’zgartiramiz 80. Bosh gapi o’tgan zamon bo’lgan ergash gaplarda might o’rniga may ishlatish xato Wrong: He said (that) he may call us Right: He said (that) he might call us Nomozov Boysoat page15
could ga alishtiramiz 81. Zamonlar moslashuvidagi xatolik Wrong : The cat was bathing because his feet are dirty. Right : The cat was bathing because his feet were dirty Wrong : Abror asked me what I am doing Right : Abror asked me what I was doing Etibor bering: Agar bosh gap(independent clause) o’tgan zamonda bo’lsa, istalgan ergash gap(dependent clause) o’tgan zamonda bo’ladi, kelasi yoki hozirgida emas. Tepadagi misolda ko’rganningizdek bosh gap (was bathing) o’tgan zamon edi shu sababli ergash gap ham o’tgan zamonda bo’lshi kerak boshqa zamonda emas. 2- misolda ham asked o’tgan zamonda edi shu sababli what “I was doing”to’g’ri. 82. To + infinitive dan keyin fe’lning o’tgan zamon shaklini ishlatish xato. To + infinitive bilan doim fe’lning oddiy shakli ishlatiladi(to do, to go, to come shaklida ishlatiladi to went, to did xato) Wrong : Maria tried to climbed Everest Right : Maria tried to climb Everest Zamonlarni qo’lashda qilinadigan xatolar 83. Tugagan vaqt ko’rsatkichlari bilan Past Simple ni o’rniga Present Perfect ni ishlatish xato Wrong : I have seen a good film yesterday Right : I saw a good film yesterday Biz o’tgan zamon vaqtlari bilan Present Perfect (hozirgi tugallangan zamon) ishlatmaymiz. Tugagan vaqt ko’rsatkichlari bilan Past simple ishlatamiz (o’tgan oddiy zamon) ishlatamiz. Agar gapda o’tgan zamon paytini bildiruvchi so’zlar va birikmalar bo’lsa masalan: yesterday, last week, last night, then, ago, till 2001...etc Past simple ishlatamiz 84. Hayotiy tajribalar uchun Present Perfect o’rniga Past simple ishlatish xato. Wrong : I never saw this film Right : I've never seen this film Hayotiy tajriba bu nima degani : Biz hayotimizda bajargan narsalar haqida gapirsak Present Perfectni ishlatamiz. Unutmang muximi qachon bajarganmiz aytilmasligi kerak. Siz qachon bajarganingizni aytingizmi past simple ishlatiladi. Buyerda muximi biror kishi hayoti davomida shu ishni qilgan yoki qilmaganini aytish. Biz aytayotgan odam tirik bo’lshi kerak. Agar buvim Amerkada bo’lgan desangiz- buvingiz tirik bo’lshi kerak. Tirik bo’lmasa Past simple ishlatasiz . I have been to India.- Men Hindistonda bo’lganman(Umrim davomida shu ishni bajarganliginmni etyabman menda bajarish tajribasi bor) 85. Been va Gone fe’llarida qilinadigan xatolar: Wrong : 'Where is John?' 'He has been to Sydney.' Right : 'Where is John?' 'He has gone to Sydney.' Nomozov Boysoat page16
tajribasi bor. Sidney u uchun begona shaxar emas He has gone to Sydney degani u Sidneyga ketgan va hali ham Sidneyda, U qaytmagan Biz Been to’liq tugatilgan sayohatlar uchun ishlatamiz.Agar siz biror joyga borsangiz va keyin qaytsangiz buyerda Been ishlatasiz. Agar biror joyga borib uyga qaytmagan bo’lsangiz Gone ishlatasiz . 86. Since bilan Present Perfect o’rniga past/present simple ishlatish xato.Since+ clause or Since+time faqat Perfect zamonlarda ishlatiladi Wrong : I know/knew Karen since 1994 Right : I've known Karen since 1994 Since- dan beri degan ma’no beradi va ish-harakatni qachon boshlangani bildiradi. Since 1995- 1995 yildan beri, since April- Apreldan beri. Since faqat Perfect zamonlarda ishlatiladi. Biz Present Perfectni o’tgan zamonda boshlangan va hozirgacha davom etib kelyotgan ish-harakatlar uchun ishlatamiz. Bunda qancha vaqtdan beri davom etayotganligini aytish uchun bizga for va since kerak bo’ladi. For va since uzbek tiliga dan beri deb tarjima qilnadi. I 've known Karen since 1994- Men Karenni 1994 yildan beri bilaman She's lived in London for three years.- U 3 yildan beri Londonda yashaydi I've worked here for six months – Men buyerda 6 oydan beri ishlayman 87. Rejalashtirligan ish-harakatlar uchun present continuous o’rniga present simple ishlatish xato Wrong : I meet John after class today Right : I'm meeting John after class today Biz kelasi zamonda rejalashtirgan ish-harakatlarni aytishda Present continuousdan foydalanamiz. Bunda kelasi zamon payti bo’lishi kerak. Siz bu ish-harakatni rejlashtirib qo’ygan bo’lasiz
I 'm meeting John after class today. – Men darsdan kegin John bilan uchrashaman( men buni gapirayotgan paytimdan oldinroq reja qilganman)
Present simPle or Present Continuous Present Simple Present Continuous Takrorlanuvchi. Umumiy haqiqatlar, Tabiat qonunlar Water boils at 100° Celsius- Suv 100 gradusda qaynaydi(umumiy haqiqat) Gapirlayotgan vaqtda davom etayotgan harakatlar uchun The water is boiling now, so you can put in the pasta. – Hozir suv qaynayabdi, Siz makaroni solishingiz mumkin(sola olasiz demoqchi)
Adham lives in Tashkent Vaqtinchalik ish-harkatlar uchun Adham is living in Samarkand until he finishes his duty (U Toshkentda yashaydi ammo vaqtincha Samarqanda yashayabdi) O’zgaryotgan vaziyatlar uchun My English is getting better and better – Ingliz tilim tobora yaxshilanib boryapti
Odatlar yoki biz muntazam ravishda qiladigan Vaqtinchalik yoki yangi odatlar Nomozov Boysoat page17
narsalar: I drink coffee every morning. – Men har kuni ertalab kofe(qahva) ichaman I'm drinking too much coffee these days because I'm so busy at work. – Shu kunlarda juda ko’p qahva ichyabman sababi ishda juda bandman(yangi odat)
Jadval bilan bajariladigan kelasi zamondagi ishlar uchun(poyezlar, avtobuslarni jo’nashi
I'll call you when I get home. – Uyga kelganimca, sizga qo’ng’iroq qilaman
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88. Holat fe’llarini continuous zamonda qo’llash xato Wrong : I’m understanding the lesson now Right : I understand the lesson now Ingliz tilida shunaqa fe’llar borki ular davomli zamonda qo’llanmaydi. U fe’llar biror ish-harakatni emas holatni bildiradi va shu sababli holat fe’llari deb ataladi Holat fe'llarini "Continuous" zamonlarida qo'llab bo'lmaydi. Shuning uchun biz ularni qaysi "continuous" zamoni ma'nosida qo'llamoqchi bo'lsak uning "simple" dagi shaklini qo'llaymiz. "Present Continuous" da emas "Present Simple" da qo'llaymiz.(Gap davomlida bo’lsa ham lekin Present Simple olamiz) Tepadagi misolga qarang: "Men darsni tushunmayapman" Bu gap hozir davom etayotgan ish-harakatdek tarjima qilinadi, ammo biz uni "present simple" da qo'llaymiz. Chunki "understand" fe'li holat fe'li hisoblanadi. Bu holat fe’llari ro’yhati bu fe’llar davomli zamonda ishlatilmaydi be - bo'lmoq want - xohlamoq need - muhtoj bo'lmoq prefer - afzal ko'rmoq like - yoqtirmoq love - sevmoq hate - nafratlanmoq belong - tegishli bo'lmoq appear - ko'rinmoq imagine - tasavvur qilmoq exist - mavjud bo'lmoq look - ko'rinmoq see - ko'rmoq hear –eshitmoq resemble - o'xshamoq fit - to'g'ri kelmoq own - egalik qilmoq possess - egalik qilmoq owe - qarz bo'lmoq depend - bog'liq bo'lmoq adore - qattiq sevmoq dislike - yomon ko'rmoq suit - mos kelmoq involve - o'z ichiga olmoq know - bilmoq believe - ishonmoq suppose - taxmin qilmoq mean - ma'no anglatmoq understand - tushunmoq remember - eslamoq notice - Nomozov Boysoat page18
smell - hid taratmoq sound - eshitilmoq, tuyulmoq taste - ta'mga ega bo'lmoq consist - tashkil topmoq feel - his qilmoq admire - havas qilmoq lack - yetishmaslik wish - tilamoq forget - esdan chiqarmoq seem - ko'rinmoq, tuyulmoq have - ega bo'lmoq think - o'ylamoq realise - tushunib yetmoq doubt - shubhalanmoq suspect - gumonlanmoq comprise - tashkil topmoq contain - ichiga olmoq include - ichiga olmoq come from - kelib chiqmoq concern - tegishli bo'lmoq appreciate - tushunmoq, yuqori baholamoq 89. Takrorlanuvchi, Doimiy ish-harakatlar, Umumiy haqiqatlar, Tabiat qonunlar uchun Present Simple o’rniga Present continuous ishlatish xato Wrong : The sun is setting in the west Right : The sun sets in the west Biz
Present Simple doimiy, takrorlanuvchi va kundalik tarziga kirib qolgan ish-harakat va holatlar uchun ishlatamiz. Bunda biz aytmoqchi bo’gan ish-harakat har doim takrorlanib turadi, muntazam qilinadi yoki hamma paytga tegishli bo’ladi He takes the train to work every morning- U har kuni ertalab ishga poyezda boradi (takrorlanuvchi va kunalik ish harakat) Umumiy haqiqatlar va tabiat qonunlari Present Simple ishlatamiz : Ho'sh bular nimalar? Qonun doirasga kirgan ishlar : Oyning yer atrofida aylanishi. Quyoshning sharqdan chiqib g’arbga botishi. Umumiy haqiqatlar: Issiq tasir bo’lsa muzni erishi The Earth revolves around the Sun. – Yer Quyosh atrofida aylanadi(tabiat qonuni) Water freezes at zero degrees. – Suv 0 darajada muzlaydi(tabiat qonuni/umumiy haqiqat) London is a large city– London katta shahar(umumiy haqiqat) Present Simple zamonda ishlatiladigan payt ravishlari(kalit so’zlar) bu so’zlar doim present simple ishlatiladi always qatoridagilardan tashqari always sometimes usually Every + time expressions invariably permanently regulary ever so often from time to time at times occasionally normally generally commonly traditionally every day every month every year every week every minute every Monday On Mondays On Fridays rarely often frequently seldom almost never hardly ever 90. O’tgan zamondagi odatlar uchun Past simple o’rniga Past continuous ishlatish xato Wrong : When I was a child, I was visiting my grandma every weekend Right : When I was a child, I visited my grandma every weekend O’tgan zamondagi odatlar, doim takrorlangan ish-harakatlar uchun Past simple ishlatamiz, ( doim takrorlangan nima degani: siz o’tmishda nimadur har kuni qilgan bo’lsangiz o’sha masalan: har kuni maktabga piyoda borganiz, har kuni cho’mlishga borganiz, o’tgan zamonda tez tez buvingizdikiga borganiz shunga o’xshash Nomozov Boysoat page19
ish-harakatlar doim takrorlangan ish-harakatlar hisoblanad i) O’tgan zamonda odatiy takrorlanib turgan ish- harakatlarni ifodalash Past simple ishlatamiz Last year I often went to the theatre - O‘tgan yil men tez-tez teatrga borib turar edim. While she was in Tashkent, she often called on us every evening - U Toshkentdaligida ko‘pincha har oqshom biznikiga kelib turar edi. Eslatma: Past Continuous (o’tgan davomli zamoni) biz o’tgan zamonda ma’lum bir vaqtda davom etayotgan ish-harakatlar uchun ishlatamiz .
etayotgan bo’ladi. O’zbekchaga yotgan… edi ga to’gri keladi.. Masalan: kelayotgan edim, o’ynayotgan edik, suzayotgan edi bunaqa misolalarni minglab keltirish mumkin. Muximi bilib oling o’tgan zamonda biz nazarda tutayotgan paytda biror ish davom etayotgan bo’ladi va o’z nomi bilan davomli zamon . Keling buni bir misolda ko’rib chiqsak… Bahrom and Tohir played chess. They began at 10 o’clock and finished at 11. So at 10.30 They were playing chess Bahrom va Tohir shaxmat o’ynashdi. Ular soat 10 da boshlab 11 da tugatishdi. Shunday qilib soat 10:30 ular shaxmat o’ynayotgandi. Izoh: Ya’ni aytganimizdek o’tgan zamonda biror ish-harakat boshlanadi va o’tgan zamonda malum bir vaqtda ish harakat tugamagan va davom etayotgan bo’ladi buyerda ham ular aytilyotgan vaqtda shaxmatni tugatmagandi davom ettiryotgandi o’ynayotgandi. Yana siz oson usul yotgan… edi so’ziga to’g’ri keladi. Akbar was running fast –Akmal tez chopayotgan edi They were not playing football at 9am this morning- Ular ertalab 9 da futbol o’ynamayotgan edi
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