Nomozov Boysoat page1

Document Outline

• 3. Everything, all so’zlaridan keyin which yoki what ishlatish xato
• 99. “The first conditional” da if qatnashgan qismda will ishlatish xato
• Tepada ham qoidalarda aytgandik if dan keyin will kelmaydi.
• The first conditional formulasi: If + hozirgi zamondagi gap, kelasi zamondagi gap. (If I do, I will do)
• Hozirgi zamonda yoki kelajakda bo’lish ehtimoli yuqori bo’lgan ish-harakatlarda ishlatiladi.
• Masalan: If the weather is fine, we’ll go to the park. - Agar havo yaxshi bo`lsa, parkka boramiz.
• 100.  “The second conditional” da ya’ni no real ish-harakatlar uchun o’tgan zamon o’rniga hozirgi zamoni qo’lash va If bor qismda will va would qo’yish xato
• Bunday gaplar hozirgi zamon yoki kelajakda sodir bo’lish ehtimoli yo’q bo’lgan ish-harakatlarda ishlatiladi. O’z nomi bilan no real haqiqatga to’g’ri kelmaydigan gaplar biz shunchaki tasavur qilib gapiramiz
• The second conditional formulasi: If + past simple,  + would/could/might+verb (infinitive)
• If I were you I would tell all the truth – Agarda o’rningda bo’lganimda(men sen bo’lganimda) , men hamma haqiqatni aytardim( lekin bu ish no real sababi men sizni o’rnizda bo’lolmayman)
• 101. “The third conditional” Past Perfect o’rniga Past simple ishlatish va if bor qismda would have P.P ishlatish xato
• “The third conditional”  gaplari o’tgan zamonda sodir bo’lmagan hayoliy yoki imkonsiz ish-harakatlarida, pushaymonlik va tanqid gaplarda ishlatiladi.
• The third conditional formulasi  If + past perfect,  + would/could/might + have + verb 3
• If we had arrived at the theatre earlier, we would have found a seat. – Agarda biz teatrga ertaroq kelganimizda edi, biz o’rindiq topgan bo’lar edik(lekin biz erta kelmaganmiz va bo’sh o’rinlar qolmagan)
• 102. Wish gaplarda I would wish to infinitive va I wish I would shaklida gap tuzish xato
• Olmoshlarda qilinadigan xatolar
• 103.  Jonsiz narsalar bilan egalik ma’nosini bildirish uchun ‘s ishlatish xato
• Jonsiz narsalar bilan of ishlatamiz.  Uzbekchada of va ‘s tarjimasi ning qo’shimchaga to’gri keladi va egalikni bildiradi: the door of the car(mashinaning eshigi), the leg of the table(stolning oyog’i) the surface of the  water(suvning yuzasi).
• Joylar va tashkilotlarning nomlari bilan of yoki ‘s ishlatsa bo’ladi: London’s streets = The streets of London(London ko’chalari), Uzbekistan’s climate= The climate of Uzbekistan(O’zbekistonning iqlimi), The school’s main office= the main office of th...
• Eslatma: Biz a day’s work, a night’s rest, a week’s shakliday, a pound’s worth, etc. asosan vaqt o’lchovlari bilan
• 104.  Between predlogidan keyin bu olmoshlarni:  I, he, she, it , we, you they qo’yish xato.
• Between predlog hisoblanadi va predloglar o’zidan keyin doim objective case(obyekt kelishigidagi) olmoshlarni oladi. Objective case olmoshlari: me, him, her, it, us, you, them.
• Subjective case olmoshlari : I, he, she, it , we, you they.
• Eslab qoling: Between predlogidan keyin subjective case olmoshlari emas objective case olmoshlari ishlatamiz.
• between you and I xato
• between you and me to’g’ri
• 105. Gerund dan oldin objective case olmoshlarni ishlatish xato
• Qachonki ing olgan fe’l ot kabi ishlatilsa o’zidan oldin egalik olmoshlarni talab qiladi.Shu uchun biz “gerund”dan oldin objective case olmoshlarni ishlatmaymiz. Egalik olmoshlari: my, his, her, its, our, your, their.
• 106.   of + name + ‘s  (a neighbour of Tom’s,)   of + mine/yours/his/hers/ours/theirs ( a friend of mine)  birikmalarida of  predlogidan keyin objective case olmoshlarni ishlatish xato
• Biz bu so’zlarni yana boshqa usulda a friend of Tom’s,  a neighbour of Akmal’s/my sister’s shaklida aytsak bo’ladi. Ammo a friend of me,him,her,it, us, you, them shaklida aytish xato
• 107.  O’zlik olmoshlarini(-self) ega sifatida ishlatish xato. Ko’plar gapda ikkita ega kelsa ikkinchi egani o’zlik olmoshida olishadi bu xato. O’zlik olmoshi hech qachon gapda ega bo’lib kelmaydi.
• 108.  Ko’pchlik o’zlik olmoshini shaklini xato ishlatadi. Masalan: himself o’rniga hisself, themselves o’rniga themself, yoki theirself ishlatish xato
• 109. Ko’pchilik o’zlik olmoshida yourselves va yourself ishlatishda xatoga yo’l qo’yishadi. Yourselves- ko’plik (ko’p kishi), yourself- birlik (bir kishi)
• Bu ikki olmosh ikki xil ma’no beradi. Yourself- sizning o’zingiz bir kishi uchun ishlatiladi. Yourselves- sizlarning o’zlaringiz ko’p kishi uchun ishlatiladi. Buyerda ham both of you deyilmoqda demak sizning ikkalangiz degani bir kishidan ko’p shu sab...
• 110.  Ingliz tilida o’zlik olmoshini olmaydigan fe’llar bor. Ular bilan o’zlik olmoshi ishlatilmaydi ishlatilsa ham kamdan kam va deyarli ishlatilmaydi. Tinglovchiga ham g’alati eshitiladi
• O’zidan keyin o’zlik olmoshi olmaydigan fe’llar: adapt, complain, concentrate, get up, hide, lie down, meet, move, relax, remember, shave, shower, sit down.
• Bu fe’llar o’zlik olmoshi olmasligini sababi bu fe’llar ifodalagan ishni har kim o’zi uchun o’zi bajaradi.
• 111.  Odamlar uchun which  ishlatish xato
• Which relative pronoun sifatida faqat narsalar va hayvonlar uchun ishlatiladi. Biz odamlar uchun who(whose, whom) ishlatamiz. That odamlarga va narsalarga farqiz ishlatiladi
•  The carpet which you bought has moth damage.(“the carpet” - narsa ,shu uchun which)
•  The boy who stole your bike is at the door.(“the boy” – odam, shu uchun who)
• 112.  Everything, all so’zlaridan keyin which yoki what ishlatish xato
• 113.  Who va Whom ishlatishda ko’pchilik xato qiladi.
• Biz “whom” ni predloglardan keyin ishlatamiz . Masalan to whom, by whom after whom va boshqa predloglar bilan. Biz to, by, after, on va boshqa predloglardan keyin who ishlatmaymiz. Testda agar savolda to.. who yoki whom turgan bo’lsa siz whom olasiz s...
•  I do not know with whom I will go to the prom.
•  The agent with whom I spoke was able to help me.
• 114.   Whom ni gapda ega vazifasida ishlatish xato. Ega vazifasida faqat who ishlatiladi
• Sizlarga oson bo’lshi uchun : Ega+whom+ Ega + verb… shaklida gap tuziladi. Agar gap ega bo’lmay fe’l bo’lsa who qo’yamiz bu holatda whom qo’yolmaymiz. Gaplarni tuzilishga Eslatma
•  The peopleega who boardedverb the plane are in a rock band.(Eslatma bunaqa gaplarda whom ishlatilmaydi.)
•  The cousinega whom weega metverb at the family reunion is coming to visit.(buyerda who ham ishlatsak ham bo’ladi whom o’rnida)
• 115.  Orttirma(superlative) darajadan keyin who, whom, which ishlatish xato. Biz orttirma darajadan keyin that qo’yamiz.
• 116.   Ikkita narsani qiyoslayotganda the same as/the same that ishlatishdagi xatolar. Biz that dan keyin objective pronounlar(me,us,etc) ni qo’yolmaymiz
• Biz the same that+ me,him,her,it, us, you, them shaklida gap tuzmaymiz. The same that o’zidan keyin gap (Ega+ verb) talab qiladi masalan:  I have the same book that you have.That o’zidan keyin ega+ kesim holidagi gap talab etadi.
• 117.  Ikkita narsani qiyoslayotganda qiyosiy daraja ishlatish o’rniga orttirma daraja ishlatish xato
• 118.  Qiyosiy darajada qiyoslash uchun than o’rniga from ishlatish xato
• Biz sifat va ravishlarni bir biriga qiyoslashda than so’zidan foydalanamiz. O’zbekchada tarjimasi, …ga qaraganda(ba’zida ..dan): taller than me – menga qaraganda uzunroq(mendan uzunroq). Biz qiyoslayotganda from ishlatmaymiz
• 119. Ikkitadan ko’p odam yoki narsani qiyoslayotganda orttirma daraja o’rniga qiyosiy daraja ishlatish xato
• 120.  Most o’rniga more ni noto’g’ri ishlatish
• Ko’pchlik, aksariyat ma’nosida “ most” ni ishlating, “ more”emas
• Eslatma: the more bunaqa gaplarda ishlating  the + comparative adjective + clause + the + comparative adjective + clause(Qancha….shuncha…). The more you pay, the better quality is -  Qancha ko’proq to’lasangiz, shuncha sifatli bo’ladi
• 121.  Better yoki worse o’rniga more good yoki more bad ishlatish
• 122.  At home o’rniga “home” shaklida ishlatish
• At home jumlasi “uyda” degan ma’no beradi. Lekin go yoki come fe’llari home so’zi bilan predlogisiz ishlatiladi . He wants to go home
• 123.  One of yoki among o’rnida from ishlatish
• 124.  Aktiv infinitive(to+V1) o’rniga passiv infinitive (to be + V3) ishlatish.
• Sifatlar afraid, anxious, happy, proud, easy, difficult, hard, heavy, good va boshqalar odatda aktiv infinitive bilan ishlatiladi
• 125. O’timsiz fe’llarni majhul nisbatda(passive voice) ishlatish
• 126. Tasdiq so’roq gaplarda (tag question) isn’t it? ni ishlatishdagi xatoliklar
• Eslatma:  Tasdiq so’roq gaplari gapiruvchi o’zining aytgan fikriga tasdiq olishni istaganda ishlatiladi. Ya’ni shundaymi?,shunday emasmi?  degan ma’no beradi. Agar gap darak gap bo’lsa tasdiq qism inkor  shaklida, agar gap inkor bo’lsa tasdiq qism dar...
•  Jenni eats cheese, doesn't she?(Jenni pishloq yeydi, shunday emasmi)
•  I don't need to finish this today, do I?(Men bugun buni tugatishim zarur emas,shundaymi?)
•  Your sister went to London ,didn’t she?(Opangiz Londonga ketdi,shunday emasmi?)
•  Let’s go to the beach, shall we?(Plyajga boraylik, boramizmi?)
• 127.  Maqsadni ifodalash uchun gerund ishlatish xato
• 128. Bitta gapda ikkita inkor ishlatish
• 129.  Once  yoki twice o’rniga one time yoki two times ishlatish
• 130.  One day, etc... o’rniga a day etc. ishlatish
• Bir kuni ma’nosida Day, night, morning afternoon va evening so’zlari bilan “one” ni ishlating a yoki an emas. One day-bir kun, one morning – bir kuni ertalab va shu tarzda ketaveradi.  One morning they went sightseeing in Florence – Bir kuni ertalab u...
• 131.   Half past one o’rniga one and a half ishlatish
• Iron
• Glass
• Time
• Paper
• Light
• Work
• Chicken
• Hair
• Room
• Coffee, Water, Beer, Tea, Soda
• Meat
• Fruit
• Experience
• Fire
• Memory