Nomozov Boysoat page1
Enough ravishi uzbek tiliga yetarli deb tarjima qilinadi va nimanidir yetarli miqdorda ekanligini bildiradi. Enough
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Enough ravishi uzbek tiliga yetarli deb tarjima qilinadi va nimanidir yetarli miqdorda ekanligini bildiradi. Enough so’zi sifat va ravishlar bilan kelsa, ulardan keyin ishlatilinadi: cold enough, well enough Enough so’zi ot bilan kelsa, otning oldidan ishlatilinadi: enough food,
Not inkor yuklamasini qo’shma fe’llar bilan o’rnini xato joylashtirish Wrong : I should have not gone.. Right : I should not have gone Not inkor yuklamasi qo’shma fe’llarda doim birinchi yordamchi fe’ldan keyin keladi. I have not been buyerda ham have yordamchi fe’li birinchi yordamchi fe’l shu sababli havedan keyin not qo’yamiz, beendan keyin emas.
ishlating.
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Wrong : Last week visited our school a man Right : A man visited our school last week Ingliz tilida ega gapda birinchi bo’lib keladi undan keyin fe’l undan keyin to’ldiruvchi va boshqa bo’laklar keladi.
So’roq gaplarda eganing o’rnini noto’g’ri qo’llash Wrong : You were at the cinema yesterday? Right : Were you at the cinema yesterday? So’roq gaplarda egani doim yordamchi fe’ldan keyin joylashtiring. So’roq gaplarda birinchi yordamchi fe’l keyin ega keladi. 280. Maxsus so’roq so’zlar bilan boshlangan so’roq gaplarda eganing o’rnini noto’g’ri qollash Wrong : Why you were absent last Friday? Right : Why were you absent last Friday? Maxsus so’roq so’zlar : where, why, when, what, how, so’roq gaplarda doim gapning boshida keladi. Maxsus so’roq so’zlardan keyin
Qachonki never, seldom, rarely, neither, not only, no sooner, scarcely, hardly so’zlari gapning boshida kelsa, bu so’zlardan keyin yordamchi fe’l undan keyin ega keladi. Gap huddi so’roq gap shaklidek yasaladi ammo gap so’roq gap emas inkor gap hisoblanadi. Never have I heard of such a thing – Men hech qachon bunday narsa eshtmaganman .( gap yasalishiga Eslatma huddi so’roq gapdek buning sababi gapning boshidagi never so’zi )
282. Not all o’rniga all….not shaklida ishlatish Wrong : All people are not hard-working Right : Not all people are hard-working Birinchi gap xato chunki u gap hamma odamlar yalqov degan ma’no chiqadi. Not all – hammasi emas, …ning hammasi ham degan ma’no beradi. Not all people are hard-working – Odamlarning hammasi ham mehnatsevar emas. Huddi shundek not everybody ni ham ishlatsa ham bo’ladi 283. Sifatni xato qo’lanishi Wrong : My uncle has a garden very large Right : My uncle has a very large garden Sifat doim otni aniqlab uni oldida keladi. Sifatni otning oldiga joylashtiring. Birinchi gapda sifat otning aniqlovchisi bo’lib orqasidan kelmoqda va bu xato.
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284. To(ga) va At(yonida) (a) To Wrong : We come at school every morning Right : We come to school every morning (b) At Wrong : Someone is standing to the door Right : Someone is standing at the door Bir joydan ikkinchi joyga harakatni ifodalash uchun “to” dan foydalaning. Uzbek tilida “ga” qo’shimchaga to’g’ri keladi va yo’nalishni bildiradi. Masalan: come to school- maktabga kelmoq, go to the bank – bank ga bormoq “At” pozitsiyani aniqlashtirib keladi, yonida” deb tarjima qilinadi. Ko’pincha o’zbek tilidagi “-da” qo’shimchasiga to’g’ri keladi. at the door – eshik yonida, at the desk – parta yonida
To and Till (gacha) (a) To Wrong : We walked till the river and back Right : We walked to the river and back (b) Till Wrong : I’ll stay here to next month Right : I’ll stay here till next month “To” masofaga nisbatan ishlatiladi. till vaqtga nisbatan ishlatiladi. 286. In va At (a) In Wrong : Shohsanam has a flat at Paris Right : Shohsanam has a flat in Paris IN – “ichida” deb tarjima qilinadi. IN predlogi narsa-buyum yoki shaxsning joylashuvini biror narsaning ichida ekanligini bildiradi. Asosan in katta narsa va joylarning nisbatan qo’llanadi(davlat, shahar, dengiz va boshqalar) va uning ichida ekanligni bildiradi. Biror narsani ichida ekanligni in orqali aytamiz. Masalan: in Uzbekistan – O’zbekistonda, in the box – quti ichida (b) At Wrong : My mother is staying in 66 Arglye Street Right : My mother is staying at 66 Arglye Street AT – “yonida” deb tarjima qilinadi. Ko’pincha o’zbek tilidagi “-da” qo’shimchasiga to’g’ri keladi. At asosan address, jamoat joylari yoki binolar(at the bus stop - avtobus bekatida, at the library – kutubxonada, at the dentist – tish do’xtirida ) uchun ishlatilinadi 287. In va Into (a) In Wrong : Gulsanam spent all the day into her room Right : Gulsanam spent all the day in her room Nomozov Boysoat page55
(b) Into Wrong : Richard came in the room and sat down Right : Richard came into the room and sat down In – pozitsiyani bildiradi ya’ni biror narsani ichida ekanligini, vaholanki into – biror narsani ichiga qarab yo’nalishni yoki biror narsani ichiga qarab harakatni bildiradi. Tarjimasidan ham farqlashingiz mumkin: In– ichida, into– ichiga. Into ni doim qo’shib yozing
On, In, At (vaqtga nisbatan) (a) On Wrong : My uncle will arrive at Saturday Right : My uncle will arrive on Saturday (b) At Wrong : I usually get up on seven o’clock Right : I usually get up at seven o’clock (c) In Wrong : She goes for a walk at the afternoon Right : She goes for a walk in the afternoon On – hafta va oy kunlariga nisbatan ishlatilinadi: on Friday, on March 25, on New Year’s Day At – aniq vaqtlarga nisbatan ishlatilinadi: at four o’clock, at dawn,at sunset, at noon In – uzun davrlar, yillar, oylar, va faslar bilan ishlatiladi : in 1192, in 16 century, in September, in winter 289. For va At(narxga nisbatan) (a) For Wrong : I bought a book at fifty pence Right : I bought a book for fifty pence (b) At Wrong : I can’t buy it for such a high price Right : I can’t it buy at such a high price Agarda aniq summa berilsa, for ishlating, aniq summa berilmasa, at ishlating. Ba’zida farqsiz ishlatiladi.
metre – Bu baxmal metri 6 funt sterlingdan sotlishi mumkin 290. Between va Among (a) Between Wrong : There was a fight among two boys Right : There was a fight between two boys (b) Wrong : Divide the apple between you three Right : Divide the apple among you three Nomozov Boysoat page56
degan so’zga to’g’ri keladi.
you gave me – Bu masalada men siz bergan kitoblar dan tashqari bir nechta maqolalar o’qidim.
Except va Besides (a) Except(dan tashqari) Wrong : He doesn’t know any foreign languages besides German Right : He doesn’t know any foreign languages except German Except ishlatganimizda shu predlogdan keyin kelayotgan shaxs yoki narsadan tashqari hech narsa mavjud emasligini tushunamiz . He doesn’t know any foreign languages
birorta chet tilini bilmaydi (U faqat nemis tilin biladi va nemis tilidan tashqari boshqa til yo’q u biladigan. Except de’dingizmi o’sha vaziyatda bitta narsa bo’ladi undan boshqasi bo’maydi )
(b) Besides (dan tashqari) Wrong : He knows two foreign languages expect German Right : He knows two foreign languages besides German Besides ishlatganimizda shu predlogdan keyin kelayotgan shaxs yoki narsadan shu vaziyatda yana boshqa shaxs va narsalar mavjud ekanligini va besidesdan keyin kelayotgan shaxs yoki narsalar o’sha bor bo’lgan shaxs yoki narsalarga qo’shimcha bo’layotganini tushunamiz. He knows two foreign languages besides German – U nemis tilidan tashqari ikkita chet tilini biladi . ( U nemis tilini biladi yana qo’shimcha ikkita horijiy tilini ham biladi. Besides – “dan tashqari ya’na” degandek ma’no beradi ) Bu ikki predlogni uzbek tiliga tarjimasi bir xil bo’lsa ham ammo ikki xil ma’no beradi. Except nimanidir safdan chiqarishni, besides safga kirgizish, qo’shimcha qilishni bildiradi. Eslatma: Tasavvur qiling bitta sinfda 30ta bola bor. Agarda sinfdagi 29ta bola hayvonot bog’iga borayotgan bo’lsa, lekin Sobir bormayotgan bo’lsa. Biz buni: The whole class is going, except Sobir. – Sobirdan tashqari butun gruppa boryabdi.( bitta Sobir bormayabdi ) Agar boshqa guruhdan Akmal ham borayotgan bo’lsa, biz buni : Besides the class, Akmal is also going. – Sinifdan tashqari, Akmal ham boryabdi( sinf boryabdi qo’shimchasiga Akmal ham) Bu ikki misolga yaxshilab Eslatma • He doesn’t know any foreign languages except German – U nemis tilidan tashqari birorta chet tilini bilmaydi. • He knows two foreign languages besides German – U nemis tilidan tashqari ikkita chet tilini biladi. 293. By va With Wrong : The man shot the bird by a gun Right : The man shot the bird with a gun By va with predloglari o’zbek tiliga bilan so’ziga to’gri keladi. By ko’pincha majhul nisbatda ishlatilib, tomonidan deb tarjima qilinadi va ish-harakatning bajaruvchisini ko’rsatadi. With esa, aniq nisbatda ham, majhul nisbatda ham ish-harakatni bajarish asbobini, buyumini bildiradi: Nomozov Boysoat page57
• The bird was shot by the man – Qush odam tomonidan otilgan • The man shot the bird with a gun – Odam qushni miltiq bilan otdi 294. In va Of ma’nosida From ni noto’g’ri ishlatish Wrong : He is the tallest from her father Right : He is the tallest boy in the class Or : He is the tallest of the all boys Orttirma darajadagi sifat yoki ravish the artikli orqali kelsa, biz in yoki ofni ishlatamiz fromni emas. 295. Since va For Wrong : She’s lived here since two years Right : She’s lived here for two years For – dan beri.. degan ma’no beradi va ish-harakatni qanchdan beri davom etayotgani bildiradi. For ish- hakarakti qanchadan beri davom etayotgani miqdorini bildiradi.for two days- 2 kun, for 40 years - 40 yildan beri.
yildan beri, since April- Apreldan beri. Since faqat Perfect zamonlarda ishlatiladi. For Since Vaqt davri(miqdori) Boshlanish nuqtasi X--------------- 20 minutes 6.15pm a long time Monday 6 months January
Kelasi zamondagi vaqt haqida gapirsak in ishlatiladi, after emas. In kelasi zamon uchun ishlatilganda – dan keyin degan so’zga qisman to’gri keladi. In a week – bir haftadan keyin, in a week's time- bir haftadan keyin. 297. In va within Wrong : I will come back in an hour(agarda siz bir soat ichida demoqchi bo’sangiz in a hour xato, in a hour bir soatdan keyin degan ma’no beradi) Right : I will come back within an hour In -dan keyin, deb tarjima qilinadi Within ichida, -dan kechikmasdan deb tarjima qilinadi: I shall give you an answer within three days. Men sizga uch kundan kechiktirmasdan javob beraman Nomozov Boysoat page58
Shall va May
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