Nomozov Boysoat page1
few money. I really can't afford to go out. Right
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few money. I really can't afford to go out. Right : Sorry, I have little money. I really can't afford to go out. b) Few Wrong : There have been little problems with the new system, thankfully! Right : There have been few problems with the new system, thankfully! Little va few so’zlari orasidagi farq faqat ularning sanaladigan va sanalmaydigan otlar bilan ishlatilinishi. Little va a little so’zlari donalab sanalmaydigan otlar oldidan, few va a few so’zlari donalab sanaladigan otlar oldidan ishlatilinadi. Muximi ot donalab sanaladimi yoki yo’q shunga qarab little yo few ishlating. 348. Each va Every a) Each Wrong : She gave an apple to every of the children Right : She gave an apple to each of the children b) Every Wrong : Each child had an apple Right : Every child had an apple Each ikkita yoki undan ko’p narsaning bittasi uchun ishlatiladi va har biri degan ma’no beradi. Asosan gruppadigi narsalarni birma-bir anglatadi yani one by one. Hech qachon everyni ikkita narsa uchun ishlatmang. Every ikkitadan ko’p narsa uchun har biri degan ma’no beradi. Every asosan butun gruppani qamrab oladi, each esa butun gruppani birma-bir qamrab oladi. Yana bir farqi each of + pronoun(each of us) or each of + determiner + noun(each of the children) holida keladi lekin every one + pronoun( Every one of us ) or every one + determiner + noun(Every one of the children). Each o’zidan kegin to’g’ridan to’gri of oladi, every esa one so’zi orqali masalan: each of us/ every one of us 349. Older(oldest) va Elder(eldest) a) Older, Oldest Wrong : This girl is elder than that one Nomozov Boysoat page70
: This girl is the eldest of all Right : This girl is older than that one Right : This girl is the oldest of all b) Elder, Eldest Wrong : My older broher is called Jon Wrong : My oldest broher is not here Right : My elder brother is called Jon Right : My eldest broher is not her Older va oldest odamlar va narsalarga qo’lanadi, vaholanki elder va eldest faqat odamlar uchun qo’llaniladi va oila a’zolariga nisbatan ishlatiladi. Ikkisi ham bir xil ma’no beradi older - yoshi kattaroq, eskiroq, elder – katta ya’ni oilada yoshi kattasi. Elder hech qachon than bilan ishlatilmaydi. Jane is older than his sister (
). Tepadagi misollarga Eslatma elder qiyosiy va orttirma darajada ishlatilinishi xato sifatida ko’rsatilingan. 350. Interesting va Interested a) Interesting Wrong : I have read an interested story Right : I have read an interesting story b) Interested Wrong : Are you interesting in your work? Right : Are you interested in your work? Interesting qiziqish uyg’otadigan narsalarga nisbatan ishlatiladi va qiziqarli degan ma’no beradi. Interested – biror narsaga bildirishga nisbatan ishlatiladi va interested – qiziqmoq degan ma’no beradi. Interested biror odamni biror narsaga qiziqishni bildiradi. Are you interested in your work? – Ishingiz sizni qiziqtiradimi? Ishingizga qiziqasmi ? Qiziqarli bilan qiziqish boshqa boshqa narsa. Interesting – qiziqarli, Interested –qiziqish. Oxiri ed va ing bilan tugagan sifatlar ham shu qoidaga bo’ysunadi. Oxiri ed bilan tugagan sifatlar bizga odamlarning qanday his qilganlarni bildiradi. qo’rqanni, zerikkanni. Oxiri ing bilan tugagan sifatlar bizga odamlar, narsalar va vaziyatlarni xusisiyatni qanaqa ekani bildiradi: zerkarli, qo’rqinchli 351. Farther va Further. Wrong : Turn the page for farther instructions Right : Turn the page for further instructions Further masofaga nisbatan uzuqroq degan ma’no beradi . Further shuningdek “qo’shimcha” “keying” degan ma’noda ham ishlatiladi. Biz farther ni faqat masofaga nisbatan ishlatamiz. Farther – uzoqroq degan ma’no beradi va masofaga nisbatan further bilan birxil ishlatiladi. Biz fartherni qo’shimcha keyingi degan ma’noda ishlatmaymiz bu ma’noda faqat further ishlatiladi. 352. Some va Any a) Some Wrong : Louis has got any milk Right : Louis has got some milk b) Any Wrong : There aren’t some books on the shelf Right : There aren’t any books on the shelf Ingliz tilida Some va Any “bir oz”, “bir qancha”, “ozgina”,”bironta” deb tarjima qilinadi va otlar oldidan ishlatiladi. Some – bir oz deb tarjima qilinib otlar oldidan ishlatiladi va faqat darak gaplarda ishlatiladi. I need some money – menga ozgina pul kerak. Nomozov Boysoat page71
any money? – Sizda ozgina pul bormi? I don`t have any money – Menda umuman pul yo`q. Biz bazan some so’roq gaplarda ham ishlatamiz: Bunda some taklif va iltimosni ifodalaydi. Would you like some coffee? – bir oz cofe xoxlaysizmi? 353. Fewer o’rnida Less ishlatilinishi Wrong : They have less books than I have Right : They have fewer books than I have Less va fewer “ozroq” deb tajrima qilinadi va miqdorni bildiradi. Less – little so’zini, fewer- few so’zlarining qiyosiy darajasi hisoblanadi. Shundan kelib chiqadiki less sanalmaydigan otlar bilan, fewer esa ko’plikdagi (sanaladigan) otlar bilan ishlatilinadi. Ogohlantirish: Bazan og’zaki nutqda less ni ko’plikdagi otni oldidan ishlatilinishini eshitish mumkin, ammo bu to’g’ri deb hisoblanmaydi. Masalan : We’ve got less pizzas than we need. There’s ten people and only eight pizzas. (
)
ishlatiladi: This – bu, that – u deb tarjima qilinadi. This va That olmoshlari vaqtga nisbatan ishlatilganda this hozirgi zamon uchun, that o‘tgan va kelasi zamon uchun ishlatiladi: • My brother will go to the Caucasus this summer.Mening akam shu(bu) yozda Kavkazga boradi. •
o‘tkazdim. O‘sha yozda yomg‘ir ko‘p bo‘ldi 355. Later o’rnida Latter ishlatilinishi. Wrong : She got to school latter than I did Right : She got to school later then I did Later – vaqtga nisbatan ishlatilinadi va keyinroq degan ma’no beradi. Latter- tartibga nisbatan ishlatilinadi va ikkita tilga olingan narsaning ikkinchisi degan ma’no beradi. Later – keyinroq, latter- ikkinchisi deb tarjima qilinadi. Alexandria va Cairo are large cities. The latter has a population of over a million. Iskandariya va Qohira yirik shaharlar.Ikkinchisi milliondan ortiq aholiga ega. Latterni qarama-qarshi ma’noli so’zi antonimi
Nomozov Boysoat page72
so’nggi yangliklar. Ba’zan eng yangi deb ham tarjima qilinadi.
beradi.
Z is the last letter of the alphabet – Z - alifboning oxirgi harfi .
Young, old o’rnida Small, big ishlatilinishi. Wrong : I am two years smaller/bigger than you Right : I am two years younger/older than you Young va old yoshni aytishga nisbatan ishlatiladi. Small va big odatda hajmni aytishda ishlatilinadi. 359. Tall o’rnida High ishlatilinishi. Wrong : My elder brother is six feet high. Right : My elder brother is six feet tall. Biz umuman tallni odamlar bilan ishlatamiz va u shortning qarama-qarshi ma’nosi. Tall – uzun degan ma’no beradi. High esa daraxtlar, binolar, yoki tog’lar nisbatan ishlatilinadi va lowning qarama-qarshi ma’nosi. High – baland degan ma’no beradi. 360. Handsome o’rniga Beautiful ishlatilinishi Wrong : He’s grown into a beautiful young man Right : He’s grown into a handsome young man Biz odatda erkaklarga nisbatan handsome ishlatamiz va kelishgan degan ma’no beradi. Ayollarga nisbatan beautiful, lovely, good looking yoki pretty so’zlarini ishlatamiz. Good-looking erkaklarga ham ayollarga ham ishlatish mumkin, ammo beautifulni erkaklarga ishlatilmaydi. 361. Sick yoki Ill Wrong : He’s been sick for over a year Right : He’s been ill for over a year To be ill – yomon sog’liqda ekanligini bildiradi va uzun va qisqa vaqtlik kasal bo’lishga va jiddiy kasalliklarga nisbatan ishlatiladi. To be sick – qusish ko’ngil aynishni bildiradi va qisqa mudatli kasaliklar va kichik kasalariklarga nisbatan ishlatiladi. Xulosa qilib aytganda,
foydalanishingiz mumkin, ammo jiddiy kasalliklarda siz «ill» so'zini ishlatishingiz mumkin. Agar siz ushbu qoidaga amal qilsangiz, o'zingizni yoki boshqa birovni qanday his qilayotganingizni aniq tasvirlab berishingiz osonroq bo'ladi.
bo’ladi qo’lga nisbatan clear ishlatib bo’lmaydi. Osmon bulutlarsiz shaffof toza bo’ladi osmonga clean ishlatib bo’lmaydi sababi
tiniq, degan ma’no beradi. 363. Habit va Custom a) Habit Wrong : Telling lies is a very bad custom Nomozov Boysoat page73
: Telling lies is a very bad habit b) Custom Wrong : The Chinese have strange habits Right : The Chinese have strange custom A habit har bir kishiga tegishli odat,biroq a custom esa malum bir jamiyat yoki mamlakatga tegishli odat. Bir kishini odati haqida gapirilsa habit, millat va jamiyatni urf-odatlari haqida gapirilsa custom ishlatililadi. 364. Centre and Middle a) Centre Wrong : Stand in the middle of the circle Right : Stand in the centre of the circle b) Middle Wrong : He was in the centre of the street. Right :He was in the middle of the street. Centre – aylanadan teng uzoqlikda yotgan nuqta yani markaz. Middle ikkita tomonli narsaning teng uzoqlikda yotgan nuqtasi ya’ni o’rtasi. Middle of the road – yo’lning o’rtasi 365. Sade yoki Shadow a) Shade Wrong : I like to sit in the shadow Right : I like to sit in the shade b) Shadow Wrong : The dog saw his shade in the water. Right : The dog saw his shadow in the water Shade – bu quyoshdan pana joy, quyoshdan boshpana joy. Shadow – odam, daraxt, it va boshqa narsalarning soyasi, aniqroq qilib aytsak ko’lankasi. Ikkisini ham tarjimasi soya lekin shade – quyoshdan pana joy, shadow – biror narsaning ko’lankasi. 366. Journey o’rnida Travel ishlatilishi Wrong : Our travel to Wales was lovely Right : Our journey to Wales was lovely Travel va journey so’zlarini ma’nosi bir xil. Biroq travel(uncountable) odatda sanalamaydigan ot (qachonki biz travelni ishlatsak sayohat qilish haqida umumiy gapiryotgan bo’lamiz, bitta sayohat haqida emas.) Vaholanki
joyga) ko’plikda ham ishlatiladi journeys holida 367. Leg o’rnida Foot ishlatilinishi Don’t say : I hurt my foot(Agarda oyogingizni to’pig’idan baland istalgan qismi jarohat olsa) Right : I hurt my leg Leg - bu oyoqni to’piqdan tepa istalgan qismi, foot esa to’piqdan pastgi qismi. Yana
finger bilan toe adashtirishadi. Finger – qo’lning barmog’i, toe – oyoqning barmog’i
Floor o’rniga Ground ishlatilinishi Wrong : When I entered the room, I saw a book on the ground Right : When I entered the room, I saw a book on the floor Floor –uyning ichida biz yuradigan yer. Ground esa uyning tashqarisida yer Nomozov Boysoat page74
Sifatlarni ko’plikda xato ishlatilinishi Wrong : The rich have a duty to help the poors Right : The rich have a duty to help the poor Sifatlar ko’plik shaklini olmaydi shu sababli poors holida ishlatish xato. Sifatlar oldidan the artikli kelib sifatni otlashtiradi va o’sha sifat ot kabi ishlatilib ko’plik ma’nosini beradi. The rich – boylar, the poor- kambag’allar. Lekin aslo poors holida ishlatilinmaydi sababi sifatlar ko’plik shaklini olmaydi.
: Tom as well as Mark are coming Right :Tom as well as Mark is coming Agar ikkita birlikdagi ot as well as bilan bog’lasa gapning kesimi ham birlikda bo’ladi ya’ni birlikdagi fe’l ishlatiladi. Tepadagi misolga Eslatma as well as ikkita birlikdagi otni bog’layabdi shu uchun birlikdagi fe’l is ishlatilyabdi
Allni everything ma’nosida ko’plikda ishlatilinishi
: Nothing’s left; all are lost Right : Nothing’s left; all is lost Agarda
all hamma narsa ya’ni everything ma’nosida ishlatilsa, birlikdagi fe’l oladi. Agarda all hamma odam ya’ni everybody ma’nosida ishlatilinsa ko’plikdagi fe’l oladi. Xulosa agar all everything ma’nosini bersa birlik, everybody ma’nosida ko’plikdagi fe’l oladi.
Wrong : I read it in one and a half hour
Right : I read it in one and a half hours Ingliz tilida birdan katta har bir soni ko’plikda ishlatamiz xatto ikkidan kichkina bo’lsa ham. Shu sabali bir yarim ham ko’plik hisoblanadi. 373. Jamoa otlarni kesimini xato ishlatlish
:The class was divided in its opinion Right : The class were divided in their opinion Jamoa otlari odatda birlikda ishlatiladi, lekin qachonki jamoani ichidagi a’zolar na’zarda tutilsa ko’plikda ishlatilinadi. The class so’zida o’quvchilar nazarda tutilsa ko’plik, qolgan hollarda birlik.
The number va A number
Wrong : The number of the pupils are increasing Right : The number of the pupils is increasing b) A number Wrong : A number of the pupils is absent today Right : A number of the pupils are absent today The number of – ning soni deb tarjima qilinadi va bitta narsani bildiradi va birlik hisoblanadi. The number o’zidan keyin birlikdagi fe’l oladi. The number of the pupils is increasing – O’quvchilarning soni ortib bormoqda Nomozov Boysoat page75
sababli ko’plikdagi fe’l oladi
Wrong : This errors sometimes made by foreigners Right : These errors sometimes made by foreigners Agar ot ko’plikda bo’lsa this o’rniga these ishlatamiz. This – bu, these – bular deb tarjima qilnadi.
There is yoki there are Wrong : There is some girls waiting outside Right : There are some girls waiting outside Agar ot ko’plikda bo’lsa there are, birlikda bo’lsa there is ishlatilinadi
Ega va kesim moslashuvidagi xatolik
: A large supply of toys are expected Right : A large supply of toys is expected Agar gapning egasi birlik bo’lsa fel ham birlik, ko’plik bo’lsa ko’plik ishlatilinadi. Sizdi uzun egalar chalg’itishi mumkin ya’ni bu misollardagi egaga qarang u yerda
emas. Ko’plar toys qarab ko’plik oladi ammo tarjima qilib ko’rsangiz o’zi bilinadi. A large
– o’yinchoqlarning katta taminoti 378. As va Like Wrong : You don’t look as your mother Right : You don’t look like your mother As- “rolda”, “sifatida”, “kabi” degan ma’no beradi. Boshqacha aytganda, biz as biror narsa yoki kishini qaysidir rolda, yoki nimadir sifatida ekanligini bilidiradi. He worked for a long time as a teacher in Africa – U Afrikada o’qituvchi sifatida ishladi. Like – “o’xshash”, “kabi” degan ma’no beradi . That house looks like a castle. - Bu uy qasrga o'xshaydi. Oson ajratib olishlaringiz uchun as- rolida,sifatdi degan ma’no berida, like – nimagadir o’xshashlik uchun ishlatilinadi. As a teacher – o’qituvchi sifatida, like a teacher – o’qtuvchiga o’xshab(buyerda o’xshatilyotgan odam aslida o’qtuvchi emas shunchaki o’qtivchiga o’xshatilyabdi. Misolga Eslatma: •
beraman(buyerda tinglovchi o’z otasini tinglayabdi sababi otang sifatida deyabdi) •
Like your father, I’ll help you as much as I can – Otanga o’xshab men senga qo’limdan kelgancha yordam beraman(buyerda tinglovchi otasni tinglamaydi sababi otanga o’xshab deyabdi demak garpivchi ozini tinglovchini otasiga o’xshatyabdi. •
He worked for a long time as a teacher in Africa – U Afrikada o’qituvchi sifatida ishladi(buyerda u o’qtuvchi sifatida ishladi ya’ni o’tiquvchi bo’lib ishladi. •
Don’t speak like a teacher – O’qituvchiga o’xshab garipimang(buyerda u o’qituvchimas lekin o’qituvchiga o’xshab gapiryabdi. ) 379. So va Such a) So Wrong : It’s such small that you can’t see it Right : it’s so small that you can’t see it. b) Such Nomozov Boysoat page76
: I have never seen a so large animal before Right : I have never seen such a large animal before So – ravish hisoblanadi shu sababli sifat va boshqa ravishlarni oldidan keladi. So otlarni oldidan ishlatilinmaydi va “ juda”, “shunchalik” deb tarjima qiladi. So beautiful – juda chiroyli. Such – sifat hisoblanadi shu sababli otni aniqlab otlarni oldidan ishlatilinadi va “juda”, “shunchalik” deb tarjima qilinadi. such a large animal – juda katta hayvon So va such ko’p qilinadigan xato- So ni otlar bilan ishlatilinish. A so large animal bu xato buyerda animal bo’lganligi uchun such ishlatilinadi. 380. Fool va Foolish Wrong : Ann said to me,”you are fool Right : Ann said to me,”you are a fool Fool bu ot shu sababli olidan a/an artikl ishlatamiz, foolish sifat va shu sababli artiklisiz qo’llanadi. 381. Rest so’zini sifatdek ishlatilinishi Wrong : I spent the rest day at home Right : I spent the rest of the day at home Rest so’zi ot hisoblanadi shu sababli qolgani ma’nosida sifatdek otni oldidan kelmaydi. The rest of + noun holida – qolgani ma’nosida ishlatilinadi. 382. Miser so’zini sifatdek ishlatilinishi Wrong : Jill loved money; she was miser Right : Jill loved money; she was a miser Miser – ziqna deb tarjima qilinadi va ot hisoblanadi shuning uchun a artikli bilan ishlatilinadi. Miser ni sifatdek ishlatolmaysiz miserly- sifat hisoblanadi.
Friendly ravishdek ishlatilinishi Wrong : Shohsanam behaves friendly Right : Shohsanam behaves in a friendly way Friendly so’zi oxiri ly bilan tugaganinga qaramay sifat hisoblanadi. Friendly sifatini oxiri ly bilan tugagani sababli ravish yasash ly qo’sholmaymiz va ravish shaklini in a friendly way yoki in a friendly manner holida yasaladi. Shunday qilib oxiri ly bilan tugagan sifatlarni ravish deb adashtirib qo’ymang va ularni ravish ko’rnishini in a oxiri ly bilan tugagan sifat + way yoki manner holida yasang. Masalan: in a cowardly way/manner, in a lonely way/manner Oxiri “-ly” qo’shimchasi bilan tugasa ham ravish EMAS, sifat hisoblanadigan so’zlar Beastly, Brotherly, Comely, Costly, Cowardly, Daily (ba’zan ravish bo’lib kelishi ham mumkin) Deadly, Elderly, Fatherly, Fortnightly (ba’zan ravish bo’lib kelishi ham mumkin) Friendly, Gentlemanly, Gentlewomanly, Ghastly Ghostly, Godly, Goodly, Holy, Homely, Humanly, Kingly, Leisurely, Likely, Lively, Lonely, Lovely, Lowly, Maidenly, Manly, Masterly, Matronly, Miserly, Monthly (ba’zan ravish bo’lib kelishi ham mumkin) , Motherly, Nightly, Painterly, Priestly, Princely, Saintly, Scholarly, Shapely, Silly, Sisterly, Timely, Ugly, Ungainly, Unruly, Unsightly, Unseemly, Unworldly, Weekly (ba’zan ravish bo’lib kelishi ham mumkin), Womanly, Worldly, Yearly (ba’zan ravish bo’lib kelishi ham mumkin) Nomozov Boysoat page77
384. Plenty of o’rnida Plenty ishlatilinishi Wrong : Mike had plenty work to work Right :Mike had plenty of work to do Plently sifat emas shu sababli o’zidan keyingi otga to’g’ridan to’g’ri bog’lanmaydi. Plenty of + noun holida ishlatilinadi. Plenty+noun holida ishlatish xato ko’plar plenty time holida ishlatishadi va bu xato plenty of time to’gri. 385. Other va Others Wrong : The others boys aren’t here Right : The other boys aren’t here Other - “boshqa” deb tarjima qilinadi, bizda bor narsa emas, boshqa har qanday narsa nazarda tutiladi. Other birlik va ko’plikdagi ot oldidan ishlatilinadi. other music- boshqa musiqa, other books – boshqa kitoblar. Others – boshqalar deb tarjima qilinadi va o’zidan keyin ot kelmaydi. Others boys bu xato hisoblanadi 386. Worth so’zini fe’l sifatida noto’g’ri ishlatilinishi Wrong : My bicycle worths 150$ Right : My bicycle is worths 150$ Worths – so’zi fe’l emas, sifat hisoblanadi shu sababli to be bilan ishlatilinadi. 387. Afraid so’zini fe’l sifatida noto’g’ri ishlatilinish Wrong : Akmal doesn’t afraid of anybody Right : Akmal isn’t afraid of anybody Afraid – so’zi fe’l emas,sifat hisoblanadi shu sababli to be bilan ishlatilinadi 388. Weight so’zini fe’l sifatida noto’g’ri ishlatilinish Wrong : Have you weighted the letter Right : Have you weighed the letter Weight – so’zi ot hisoblanadi shu sababli siz uni fe’l sifatida ishlatolmaysiz va ogirlik deb tarjima qilinadi. Weigh- esa fe’l(t harfisiz weight) hisoblanadi va ogirlikni o’lchamoq deb tarjima qilinadi 389. Well o’rnida good ni noto’g’ri ishlatilinishi Wrong : The goalkeeper plays very good Right : The goalkeeper plays very well Good – so’zi sifat hisoblanadi shuning uchun biz uni ravishdek ishlatolmaymiz. Sifat otni aniqlashtirib otni oldidan ishlatiladi, ravish esa fe’lni aniqlab fe’ldan keyin ishlatiladi. 390. Ravish o’rnida sifatni noto’g’ri ishlatilinishi. Wrong : The little girl sang beautiful Right : The little girl sang beautifully Biz ish-harakatni qanday , qaytarizda bajarilgani aytishda ravish ishlatamiz, sifat emas. Ravish fe’l bilan ishlatiladi, sifat ot bilan. Masalan
Buyerda
sing fe’l shu uchun beautifully ravishi, girl esa ot shu uchun beautiful sifati ishlatildi Nomozov Boysoat page78
391. Passed o’rnida past ni noto’g’ri ishlatish Wrong : I past by your house yesterday Right : I passed by your house yesterday Past so’zi fe’l emas.Biz past ni ot kabi ishlatishimiz mumkin: Don’t think of the past. Sifat kabi: The past week was warm. Predlog kabi : We walked past the school. Ravish kabi: Train went past 392. Unique or most unique Wrong : This is the most unique dress Right : This is the unique dress Eslatma: Sifatlar ya’ni unique, ideal, entire, extreme, perfect turli xil sifat darajalarini qabul qilmaydi.Ular bilan birga ishlatilmaydi, oddiy darajada ishlatiladi 393. Amount or Number Wrong :
Right : A greater number of people are visiting the stadium Qoida : Amount sanalmaydigan otlar uchun ishlatiladi. Number sanaladigan otlar uchun ishlatiladi.
Each of, none of, etc. dan keyin birlik yoki ko’plik? Wrong :
Right :
Qoida : Biz each of, none of, one of dan keyin ko’plikdagi ot olamiz ammo birlikdagi fe’l ishlatamiz. Yana ko’p chalkashlikka sabab bo’ladigan birlikdagi so’zlar: every, either, neither, none, much and person. Bu so’zlardan kegin birlikdagi fe’l ishlatiladi. Otlardagi xatolar Sanaladigan va sanalmaydigan otlarni adashirib ishlatish juda ko’p xatoliklarga sabab bo’ladi. Bu otlar sanalamaydigan ot hisoblanadi va ko’plikda ishlatilmaydi. 395. Advice Wrong : Nick give me some good advices Right : Nick give me some good advice Advice so’zi ko’plikda ishlatilmaydi va sanalmaydigan ot hisoblanadi. Biz bitta maslahatni nazarda tutsak, biz a piece of advice ishlatamiz.
Information
: Can you give me any informations? Right : Can you give me any information? Information so’zi ko’plikda ishlatilmaydi va sanalmayidan ot hisoblanadi.
Mathematics, etc. + singular verb Wrong : Mathematics are not easy to learn Nomozov Boysoat page79
: Mathematics is not easy to learn Oxiri
–ics bilan tugagan fan nomlari birlikda ishlatiladi va birlikdagi fe’l oladi. Masalan:mathematics, politics, physics, gymnastics. ! Eslatma; Ba’zi sanalmaydgan otlarning oxiri s bilan tugaydi va ularning ko’pligi yo’q. Masalan: news, billiards, draughts( sport o’yinlarini ko’pi s bilan tugaydi ) yoki ba’zi kasallik nomlari ham( measles). Bu so’zlar oxiri s bilan tugagan bilan ko’plik emas va ko’plikdagi fe’l olmaydi.Birlikda ishlatiladi. 398. News + singular verb(birlikdagi fe’l) Wrong : I’m glad that the news are good Right : I’m glad that the news is good News – so’zi oxiri s bilan tugab ko’plikga o’xshagani bilan lekin sanalmaydigan ot hisoblanadi. Shu sababli
ko’plikda ishlatilinmaydi, a/an artiklari bilan kelmaydi va birlikdagi fe’l bilan ishlatiladi. Eslatma : Ko’pgina oxiri -ics (e.g. mathematics, physics, athletics) bilan tugagan otlar asosan sanalmaydigan ot va ularning ko’pligi yo’q 399. Scissors, etc. + plural verb Wrong : The scissors is lying on the table Right : The scissors are lying on the table Ikkita qismdan tashkil topgan otlar(masalan: scissors, trousers, spectacles, shears) faqat ko’plikda ishlatiladi. Agarda bu otlar
Quyidagi jamlama otlar faqat ko’plikda ishlatilinadi : goods, slums, contents, clothes, stairs, proceeds
Bu otlar boshqa tillarda sanalishi mumkin Ingliz tilida sanalmaydi Advice, accommodation, applause, baggage, behavior, bread, camping, cash, clothing, countryside, crockery, cutlery, equipment, evidence, fruit, fun, furniture, gossip, harm, health, homework, housing, jewellery, , knowledge, laughter, leisure, lightning, litter, luck, luggage, machinery, money, news, pay, permission, pollution, progress, proof, rain, research, rice, rubbish, scenery, shopping, sightseeing, stuff, thunder, toast, traffic, transport, travel, violence, weather, work
Otlarda birlik va ko’plik 1. Odatda ko’p otlarning ko’pligi birlik shakligi –s qo’shsish orqali yasaladi. Boat-
houses, cat – cats 2. Bu otlar ko’pligi umuman boshqacha yasaladi child children, ox oxen, foot feet, penny pence, goose geese, person people, louse lice, tooth teeth, man men, woman women, mouse mice 3. Bazi otlar ko’pligi o’zgarmay qoladi: aircraft, hovercraft, spacecraft, Chinese, Japanese(va boshqa millatni bildiruvchi so’zlar ese bn tugagan) sheep, deer, fish. Fish so’zi kamdan kam holda fishes holida ishlatiladi va bu holda u baliqlarning turini nazarda tutayotgan bo’ladi 4. Chet el kelgan so’zlarning ko’pligi Singular Plural Singular Plural analysis analyses (Latin) appendix appendices (Latin) Nomozov Boysoat page80
bacteria (Latin) basis bases (Greek) cactus cacti (Latin) yoki cactuses (kam holarda) corpus corpora (Latin) crisis crises (Greek) criterion criteria (Greek) diagnosis diagnoses (Greek) formula formulae (Latin)yoki formulas fungus fungi (Latin)yoki funguses hypothesis hypotheses (Greek) kibbutz kibbutzim (Hebrew) nucleus nuclei (Latin) phenomenon phenomena (Greek) radius radii (Latin) stimulus stimuli (Latin) vertebra vertebrae (Latin) 5. dozen — dyujina (o‘n ikkitalik), score — yigirmatalik so‘zlaridan oldin ko’plikdagi son kelsa birlik va ko‘plikda bir xil shaklga ega bo‘ladi. Ya’ni two dozens emas . Two dozen of eggs — 2 dyujina tuxum, three score of years — oltmish yil. 6. Ba ‘zi otlar ham sanaladigan ham sanalmaydigan otdek ishlatiladi lekin manoda o’zgarish bo’ladi Iron
iron = material(temir ma’nosida) They tried to change iron into gold - Ular temirni oltinga aylantirishga harakat qildi
iron = electrical appliance(dazmol manosida) I scorched my dress with the iron - Kiyimimni dazmol bilan kuydirdim Glass
glass = material(shisha ma’nosida) Glass can be recycled from old bottles- Shisha eski idishlardan qayta ishlana oladi
glass = container(idish ma’nosida) Champagne was fizzing in the glass – Shampanskiy stakanda vishilayotgandi
glass = spectacles(ko’zoynak ma’nosida) Tina can’t see without her glasses- Tina ko’zoynaksiz ko’rolmaydi Time
time = length of an activity(vaqt manosida) How much time did it take you to sing? – Kuylashinga qancha vaqt oldi(ketti)
time = number of instances(marta manosida) Mary had seen the film many times – Marry o’sha filmni ko’p marta ko’rgan Paper
paper = material(qog’oz) This book is made of paper – Bu kitob qog’ozdan tayyorlangan
paper = a report or essay(hisobot insho) He wrote a paper on grammar – U grammatikadan hisobot yozdi
paper = a newspaper(gazeta) I read about it in the paper – Men uni gazetada o’qidim Light
light = energy form(energiya shakli) I closed my eyes against the bright light – Yorug ' nurga qarshi ko'zlarimni yumdim
light = lamps / light bulbs(lampa) I switched on the light in the bedroom – yotoqxonani lampasini(chirog’ini) yoqdim Work
work = an activity(ish ma’nosida) (Stop talking and get on with your work – Gaprishdan to’xta va ishingda davom et
work = a product(asar) This is the work of Shakespeare – Bu asar Shekspirniki Chicken
chicken = food(oziq ovqat) I had chicken for dinner
chicken = kind of animal(hayvon turi) They keep chickens in the back yard – Ular tovuqlardi orqa hovlida saqlashadi Hair
hair = hair in general(soch) She had thick brown hair – Uning qalin jigarrang sochi bor edi
hair = individual strands of hair(tola manosida) He had a few grey hairs – Unda bir nechta kulrang sochlari bor edi Room
room = space(bo’shliq, manosida) Is there enough room for me? – Menga yetarli joy bormi?
room = place(xona binoni qismi) They had to sit in the waiting room for an hour – Ular 1 soatcha kutish honasda o’tirishiga to’g’ri keldi Coffee, Water, Beer, Tea, Soda
coffee, … = drink(ichimlik ma’nosida) I like tea better than coffee – Men kofega qaraganda choyni yoqtiraman
coffee, … = number of drinks(asosan buyurtma berishda kafe, restarant) Two strong black coffees , please – menga 2 ta qora koffe Meat
meat = food(oziq ovqat) I gave up eating meat a few months ago – Men go’sht yeyishni 5 oy oldin tashadim
meat = type of meat(go’sht turi) I hate eating red meats like beef and lamb – Men mol go'shti va qo'zichoq kabi qizil go'sht eyishni yomon ko'raman Fruit
fruit = food(oziq-ovqat) The fruit was too sour to eat – Mevalar yeyish uchun juda nordon edi
fruit = kind of fruit(mevalar turi) She sells fruits at a market stall – U mevalarni bozorchada sotadi Nomozov Boysoat page81
experience was a disadvantage – Amaliy tajribam kamligi noqulay edi
experience of living alone – Bu uning birinchi yolg’iz yashadi edi Fire
fire = element(olov) (Most animals are afraid of fire .)
fire = a burning pile(cho’g) Firemen put out fires – O’t o’chrivchilar cho’g’larni o’chrishdi
memory . – Menda ko’rib eslab qoladgigan zo’r xotiram bor
memory = specific memories of past events(esdalik) He’s trying to block out memories of the accident. – U xalokatni esdaliklarni yashrlishga harakat qilyabdi Download 1.97 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: 
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