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Nomozov Boysoat page1
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Assalomu Aleykum kitobxon o'zizga ma'lumki, ingliz tili barcha tillar singari o'quvchilar uchun muammolarga to'la. Ba'zi muammolarni yechimi juda oddiy va tushinish oson; masalan: Ingliz tilida savollar tuzish, zamonlarni yasash va shunga o'xshash muammolar. Lekin ba’zi muammolar yanada murakkab va hatto yuqori darajadagi bilimlilar va o'qituvchilar uchun ham qiyinchilik tug'diradi. Masalan : Present Perfect zamoni qachon to'g'ri ishlatiladi? Ba’zi birikmadan keyin qaysi predlog ishlatilish
Bu kitob shunga o'xshash o'rganuvchilar uchun qiyinchilik talab qiladigan va doim xato qilinadigan 400ta muamolar bilan shug'ullanadi. Agarda o'rganuvchi biror birikmani qanday ishlatilishini bilmasa yoki xato qildi va nega xato qilganini bilmoqchi bo’lsa, bu kitob unga yordam beradi. Kitob asosan ingliz tilini o'rganayotgan va ingliz tilida o’rta bilimga ega bo’lganlar va o'qituvchilar uchun mo'ljallangan. Men kitobni imkon boricha tushunarli va sodda tillarda izohlar bilan tashkil qilishga harakat qildim. Birinchi siz xato qiladigan muamoni keltirib, tagidan siz qiladigan xatoni va uning to'g’irlangan misolini berib undan so'ng tushuntirishlar berib bordim. Masalan: 1. Die of an illness ( kasallikdan o’lmoq), from an illness Wrong : Many people have died from malaria Right : Many people have died of malaria Eslatma : Biz die fe’lidan keyin nimadan o’lganligini bu tarzda aytamiz: die of illness (kasallikdan), of hunger (ochlikdan), of thirst (chanqoqdan), of yoki from wound (jarohatdan); from overwork (ortiqcha ishdan); by violence (zo’ravonlikdan), by the sword (qilichdan), by pestilence (o’latdan); in battle (jangda); for their country (vatani uchun), for a cause; through neglect (beparvolik orqali); on the scaffold (iskala ustida); at the stake (xavf ostida). Shu misolga e’tibor bering: Buyerda kasallikdan o’lmoq so’zi die of an illness holida ishlatilishi va from an illness xato ekanligi ko’rsatib berilgan. Bunda o’rganuvchi xulosa qilish kerakk,i doim die of dan keyin biror kasalik nomi kelib, biror kishini shu kasallikdan vafot etganligini bildiradi. E’tibor qaratishimiz kerak bo’lgan qismi die of holida ishlatishdir. Ko’pchilik die from holida ishlatadi va xatoga yo’l qo’yadi. Pastda sizga eslatma tarzida qay holatda o’lishni aytishda die so’zi qaysi predlog va so’zlar bilan birikishi ko’rsatib o’tilgan. 2. Deprive of ( dan mahrum qilish), from emas Deprive so’zidan so’ng of predlogi keladi, from predlogini ishlatish xato. Kitobda ba’zi misollar shu tarzda berilgan. 3. Everything, all so’zlaridan keyin which yoki what ishlatish xato Wrong : I heard everything which(or what) he said Right : I heard everything that he said Biz everything, all, something, anything, a lot, little, nothing so’zlaridan keyin that ishlatamiz. Bu so’zlar bilan what yo which ishlatish xato. Biz that ni bu so’zlardan so’ng qo’yishimiz yoki tushirib qoldirishmiz mumkin
Nomozov Boysoat page3
Bu misolga e’tibor bering: Ko’p ingliz tilini yaxshi biladiganlar ham hatto shu yerda adashishadi yoki bu qoidani bilishmaydi. Everything, all so’zlaridan keyin which yoki what ishlatishadi. Lekin biz bu so’zlardan keyin
siz oliy o’quv yurtiga topshirishda grammatikadan test yechasiz va test davomida shu misollarga duch kelishingiz mumkin. Agarda o’rganib qo’ygan bo’lsangiz albatta imtihonda qiynalmaysiz. Yana ko’p misollar keltirish mumkin; insho yozishda, kundalik suhbatlarda va hokoza… Qoidalar oddiy kundalik tilda ishlatiladigan so'zlar orqali ifodalangan. Men terminlarni ishlatishdan ko'ra, izohlarni iloji boricha oddiy kundalik tilda berishni afzal ko'rdim. Ba'zi grammologlar tomonidan bu qoniqarli sifatda emas deb qaralishi mumkin, ammo men bu kitobni mutaxassislar uchun yozmayabman. Kitobdagi imloviy xatolar uchun uzr so’rayman. Kitobni tayyorlashda va dizayniga katta yordam ko’rsatgan
soʻzlarimga quloq sol. Hayotda orzularing bormi ? Buyuk insonlardek senga havas qilishlarini istarmiding ? U holda sen buyuk boʻlishga munosibsan. Dunyoni oʻzgartira olishga qodirsan. Faqat sen hali yoʻldasan muvaffaqiyat gʻalaba seni yoʻlda kutib turibdi. Ishonaver sen buyuk insonlar safidan joy olishingga yaqin qoldi. Faqatgina sen oʻtirma charchadim, vaqtim boʻlmayapti, qoʻlimdan kelmayapti men uchun emas ekan deb. Yoʻq sen shunchaki buni istashing bunga bor vujuding bilan ishonishing kerak, oʻqib izlanishing o'sishing darkor. Biron manzilga borish uchun avvalo yoʻlni bosib oʻtish kerak. Sen hali oʻsha yoʻldasan seni orzuying,maqsading, muvaffaqiyating oʻsha manzilda kutmoqda ishon sen bu yoʻlni bosib oʻta olasan yoʻlni senga bilim oʻzi koʻrsatadi. Sen oʻqi ! Oʻrgan ! Kerak boʻlsa kuningni shunga bagʻishla ! Bu yoʻlda seni dangasalik, insonlarning qoʻysangchi sen qilolmaysan degan gaplari oyogʻingdan chalishga urinadi sen ularga eʼtibor berma bor etiboringni orzu va maqsadlaringga qarat, tasavvur qil sen muvaffaqiyatga erishganingda qanchalar baxtli insonga aylanasan, seni xurmat qilishni boshlashadi, senga havas qila boshlashadi. Nahotki shularni istamasang ? Nima oddiy insonlardek umringni oʻtkazmoqchimisan ? Hali hech kim uhlab, tushkunlikka tushib muvaffaqiyatli boʻlmagan. Hali hech kim tugʻilishi bilan gʻolib boʻlib qolmagan. Tinimsiz mehnat, shijoat, kuchli iroda ularni muvaffaqiyatli qilgan. Menga ishon sen ham bunga qodirsan, sen kuchlisan sen albatta uddalaysan, seni hali buyuk kelajak kutmoqda ! Mana endi sen oʻzgarding sen endi charchash nimaligini bilmaysan. Hozir oʻrningdan albatta turasan va ilm oʻrganishni boshlaysan, sport bilan shugʻullanishga kirishasan. Orzularingni birma-bir amalga oshirishga kirishasan qani boʻlaqol sen albatta uddalaysan Muallif : Nomozov Boysoat
Testlar kanalimiz : @English_Tests Nomozov Boysoat page4
sotish taqiqlanadi. Mualliflik huqiqi qonun bilan himoyalandi Predloglarni qo’llashda qilinadigan xatolar Ingliz tilida ba’zi so’zlar o’zidan keyin ma’lum bir predloglarni oladi bu qonun tariqasda qabul qilingan. Aynan shu so’zlar keyin qoidadagi emas boshqa bir predloglarni qo’llash juda ko’p uchrab turadi. Albatta qoidagi predlogni qo’llamaslik xato hisoblanadi. Bu yerda eng ko’p predloglar bilan qillinadigan xatolar berib o’tilgan. 1. Absorbed in(juda qiziqqan, berlib ketgan), at emas. Wrong : The man was absorbed at his work Right : The man was absorbed in his work 2. Accuse of(-da ayblamoq), for emas. Wrong : She accused the man for stealing Right : She accused the man of stealing Huddi shundek ayblamoq ma’nosida charge with ham ishlatiladi. The man was charged with murder - Bu odam qotillikda ayblangan 3. Accustomed to(- ga ko'nikib qolgan), with emas. Wrong : I’m accustomed with hot weather. Right : I’m accustomed to hot weather Huddi shu ma’noda used to ham ishlatish mumkin. He is used to the heat – U issiqga ko’nikgan 4. Afraid of (dan qo’rqmoq, from emas. Wrong : Shohsanam is afraid from the dog Right : Shohsanam is afraid of the dog 5. Aim at (ni nishonga olmoq), on yoki against emas. Wrong : She aimed on(yoki against) the target Right : She aimed at the target Bu fe’llar bilan yo’nalishni bildirish uchun at predloglarda foydalaning. Throw at, shout at, fire at, shoot at. Agar shoot o’zi at predlogisiz ishlatilinsa o’ldirmoq degan ma’no beradi. He shot a bird – U qushni otdi (qushni otdi va o’ldirdi) 6. Angry with ( dan jahli chiqgan), against emas. Wrong : The teacher was angry against him Right : The teacher was angry with him Eslatma : Angry with odamlar bilan ishlatilinadi, angry at esa narsalar bilan . He was angry at the weather ( angry withni the weather bilan ishlatib bo’lmaydi sababi angry with odamlarga ishlatiladi, angry at narsalarga.) Eslatma : Annoyed with, vexed with, indignant with, odamlar bilan, lekin huddi shu so’zlar at bilan narsalarga nisbatan ishlatilinadi. 7. Anxious about ( dan xavotirlanmoq ma’nosida), for emas. Nomozov Boysoat page5
: They’re anxious for his health Right : They’re anxious about his health . Eslatma : Agarda “juda xohlamoq” ma’nosida anxious for ishlatishimiz mumkin. Many civil servants are anxious for promotion. - Ko'pgina davlat xizmatchilari lavozimga ko'tarilishni juda xohlashadi. 8. Arrived at (..ga yetib kelmoq), to emas. Wrong : We arrived to the village at night Right : We arrived at the village at night Eslatma: Arrive at kichkina shaxar, qishloq va kichkina joylarga yetib borish, arrive in esa mamlakatlar va katta shaharlarga ye’tib bormoq ma’nosida ishlatiladi. He has arrived in London – U Londonga yetib borgan 9. Ashamed of (dan uyalgan) , from emas. Wrong : He’s now ashamed from his conduct Right : He’s now ashamed of his conduct 10. Believe in (...ga ishonmoq) , to emas. Wrong : I don't believe to censorship of the arts Right : I don't believe in censorship of the arts 11. Boast of yoki about (...dan maqtanmoq) , for emas. Wrong : James boasted for his strength Right : James boasted of(yoki about) his strength 12. Careful of, with, yoki about (...ehtiyot bo’lmoq), for emas. Wrong : Abror’s very careful for her health Right : Abror’s very careful of/about her health Eslatma : take care of – g’amho’rlik qilmoq. He takes care of his money - U pullariga g'amxo'rlik qiladi 13. Travel by train, etc.(poyezdda sayohat qilmoq), with train, emas
Wrong : He travelled with the train yesterday
Right : He travelled by train yesterday. Eslatma: by train, by plane, by boat, by bike; shuningdek, by land, by see, by air, by bus, by car, by taxi. Lekin in a bus yoki on a bus, in a car, in a taxi, on horse-back, on a donkey on a bicycle; on foot. 14. Complain about ( dan shikoyat qilmoq), for emas Wrong : Bobir complained for the weather. Right : Bobir complained about the weather Eslatma : Qachonki kasallikdan shikoyat qilishda complain of ishlatamiz. She complained of a sore throat - U tomog'im og'riyapti deb shikoyat qildi 15. Composed of (dan iborat), from emas. Wrong : Our class is composed from thirty students Right : Our class is composed of thirty students 16. Confidence in ( ga ishonch), to emas Nomozov Boysoat page6
Wrong : I have great confidence to you Right : I have great confidence in you 17. Conform to ( ga mos kelmoq, rioya qilmoq), with emas Wrong : We must conform with the rules Right : We must conform to the rules 18. Congratulate on ( tabriklamoq), for emas Wrong : I congratulate you for your success Right : I congratulate you on your success 19. Consist of ( dan tashkil topmoq), from emas Wrong : A year consists from twelve months Right : A year consists of twelve months 20. Covered with (bilan qoplangan), with emas Wrong : The mountains are covered by snow Right : The mountains are covered with snow 21. Cure of ( dan davolanmoq), from emas Wrong : The man was cured from his illness Right : The man was cured of his illness Eslatma: Agar cure ot bo’lib kelsa for bilan ishlatilinadi. There is no cure for that disease – ushbu kasallikning davosi yo’q 22. Depend on yoki upon ( ga bog’iq bo’lmoq), from emas. Wrong : It depends from her Right : It depends on (upon) her Eslatma : rely on yoki upon – suyanmoq, tayanmoq, ishonmoq degan ma’no beradi. I can’t rely on (upon) him – Men unga ishonolmiman (suyanolmiman) 23. Deprive of ( dan mahrum qilish), from emas Wrong : Nelson Mandela was deprived from his freedom. Right : Nelson Mandela was deprived of his freedom . 24. Die of an illness ( kassalikdan o’lmoq), from an illness Wrong : Many people have died from malaria Right : Many people have died of malaria Eslatma : Biz die fe’lidan keyin nimadan o’lganligini bu tarzda aytamiz: die of illness (kasallikdan), of hunger (ochlikdan), of thirst (chanqoqdan), of yoki from wound (jarohatdan); from overwork (ortiqcha ishdan); by violence (zo’ravonlikdan), by the sword (qilichdan), by pestilence (o’latdan); in battle (jangda); for their country (vatani uchun), for a cause; through neglect (beparvolik orqali); on the scaffold (iskala ustida); at the stake (xavf ostida). 25. Different from (dan farqli), than emas Nomozov Boysoat page7
:My book is different than yours Right : My book is different from yours 26. Disappointed by,about yoki at, (dan xafsalasi pir bo’lgan), from emas a) by/at/about Wrong : Shohsanam was disappointed from the low mark she got in the test Right : Shohsanam was disappointed by/about/at the low mark she got in the test b) with/in Wrong : Jasur was disappointed from her son Right : Jasur was disappointed with/in her son Eslatma : Odamlardan oldin in yoki with ishlatamiz, narsalardan oldin at, about yoki by ishlatamiz va
gerunddan oldin at ishlatamiz: Akmal is very disappointed at not winning the prize – Akmal sovrini yutmaganidan juda xafa. 27. Divide into parts, (..qismlarga bo’lmoq), divide in parts emas Wrong : I divided the cake in four parts Right : I divided the cake into four parts Eslatma : Divide in half yoki in two holida ham ishlatilishi mumkin ammo divide in parts holida emas. Nargiz divided the apple in half – Nargiz olmani ikkiga bo’lishdi 28. No doubt of yoki about (shubhasiz), for emas Wrong : I’ve no doubt for his ability Right : I’ve no doubt of/about his ability Download 1.97 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: 
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