Non-finite forms the verb
Unit One. THE INFINITIVE
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- Indefinite Infinitive
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Unit One. THE INFINITIVE Forms of the Infinitive The Infinitive developed from the verbal noun, which in course of time became verbalized, retaining at the same time some of its nominal properties. Thus in Modern English the Infinitive has a double nature, nominal and verbal. The Infinitive has tense and aspect distinctions; the Infinitive of transitive verbs has also voice distinctions. The Infinitive is a plain verb stem which is usually proceeded by the unstressed particle to, e.g. to write, to read, to tell. In addition to the simple form, the Infinitive has analytical forms. Thus the Infinitive has six forms: Active Passive Simple to take to be taken Perfect to have taken to have been taken Continuous to be taking ____ Perfect Continuous to have been taking ____ The Indefinite Infinitive expresses an action simultaneous with the action expressed by the finite verb, so it may refer to the present, past or future. E.g. 1. I am glad to speak to you. 2. I was glad to speak to you yesterday. 3. I will be very glad to speak to you tomorrow. The Perfect Infinitive denotes an action prior to the action expressed by the finite verb. E.g. I am glad to have spoken to you. The Continuous Infinitive denotes an action simultaneous with that expressed by the finite verb, but it is an action in progress. Thus it is not 6 only a tense form, but also an aspect form, expressing both time relations and the manner in which the action is presented. E.g. I am glad to be speaking to you now. The Perfect Continuous Infinitive denotes an action which lasted a certain time before the action of the finite verb. It is not only a tense form, but also an aspect form. E.g. I am glad to have been speaking to you all this time. The Active and Passive forms of the Infinitive show whether the subject of the Infinitive acts or is acted upon. E.g. 1. You are lucky to be taken to the theatre. 2. She wanted to be taken seriously. 3. She comes here to be taught English. In sentences with the construction there is the Infinitive of some verbs can be active or passive without any change in the meaning: E.g. 1. There is no time to lose. 2. There is no time to be lost. Note: Transitive verbs which are not used in the passive voice have only four forms of the Infinitive: to stand, to be standing, to have stood, to have been standing. Download 418.2 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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