Old english grammar and exercise book
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oe grammar
Sing. N.A.
sē fōt (foot) sē mǫn (man) sē tōð (tooth) sēo cū (cow) Plur. N.A. fēt męn tēð cȳ NOTE.—The dative singular usually has the same form as the N.A. plural. Here belong also sēo bōc (book), sēo burg (borough), sēo gōs (goose) sēo lūs (louse), and sēo mūs (mouse), all with umlauted plurals. Mn.E. preserves only six of the foot Declension plurals: feet, men, teeth, geese, lice, and mice. The c in the last two is an artificial spelling, intended to preserve the sound of voiceless s. Mn.E. kine (= cy-en) is a double plural formed after the analogy of weak stems; Burns in The Twa Dogs uses kye. No umlaut is possible in sēo niht(night) and sē mōnað (month), plural niht and mōnað (preserved in Mn.E. twelvemonth and fortnight). (2) The r-Stems contain nouns expressing kinship, and exhibit umlaut of the dative singular. Sing. N.A. sē fæðer sē brōðor sēo mōdor sēo dohtor sēo swuster (father) (brother) (mother) (daughter) (sister) D. fæder brēðer mēder dęhter swyster NOTE.—The N.A. plural is usually the same as the N.A. singular. These umlaut datives are all due to the presence of a former i. Cf. Lat. dative singular patri, frātri, mātri, sorori (<*sosori), and Greek θνϓατρί. (3) The nd-Stems show umlaut both in then N.A. plural and in the dative singular: Sing . N.A. sē frēond (friend) sē fēond (enemy) D. friēnd fīend Plur . N.A. frīend fīend NOTE.—Mn.E. friend and fiend are interesting analogical spellings. When s had been added by analogy to the O.E. plurals frīend and fīend, thus giving the double plurals friends and fiends, a second singular was formed by dropping the s. Thus friend and fiend displaced the old singulars frend and fend, both of which occur in the M.E. Ormulum , written about the year 1200. 40 Summary of O.E. Declensions. 69. A brief, working summary of the O.E. system of declensions may now be made on the basis of gender. All O.E. nouns are (1) masculine, (2) feminine, or (3) neuter. (1) The masculines follow the declension of mūð (§ 26), except those ending in -a, which are declined like hunta (§ 64): Sing . N.A. mūð hunta G. mūðes huntan D.I. mūðe huntan Plur . N.A. mūðas huntan G. mūða huntena D.I. mūðum huntum (2) The short-stemmed neuters follow the declension of hof (§ 32); the long-stemmed, that of bearn (§ 32): Sing . N.A. hof bearn G. hofes bearnes D.I. hofe bearne Plur . N.A. hofu bearn G. hofa bearna D.I. hofum bearnum (3) The feminines follow the declensions of giefu and wund (§ 38) (the only difference being in the N. singular), except those ending in –e, which follow the declension of tunge (§ 64): Sing N. giefu wund tunge G. giefe wunde tungan D.I. giefe wunde tungan A. giefe wunde tungan Download 0.5 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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