Old english grammar and exercise book
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oe grammar
hwæðer swā, whichsoever of two
; swā hwilc swā, whosoever. 46 CHAPTER XIV. ADJECTIVES, STRONG AND WEAK. 78. The declension of adjectives conforms in general to the declension of nouns, though a few pronominal inflections have influenced certain cases. Adjectives belong either to (1) the Strong Declension or to (2) the Weak Declension. The Weak Declension is employed when the adjective is preceded by sē or ðēs the, that, or this; otherwise, the Strong Declension is employed: ðā gōdan cyningas, the good kings; ðēs gōda cynig, this good king ; but gōde, cyningas, good kings. Note.—The Weak Declension is also frequently used when the adjective is employed in direct address, or preceded by a possessive pronoun: Dryhten, ælmihtiga God . . . ic bidde ðē for ðīnre miclan mildheortnesse, Lord, almighty God, I pray thee, for thy great mercy. (1) Strong Declension of Adjectives. (a) Monosyllables. 79. The strong adjectives are chiefly monosyllabic with long stems: gōd, good; eald, old; lǫng, long; swift, swift. They are declined as follows. 80. Paradigm of gōd, good: Masculine. Feminine. Neuter. Sing. N. gōd gōd gōd G. gōdes gōdre gōdes D. gōdum gōdre gōdum A. gōdne gōde gōd I. gōde — gōde Plur. N.A. gōde gōda gōd G. gōdra gōdra gōdra D.I. gōdum gōdum gōdum 81. If the stem is short, -u is retained as in giefu (§ 39, (1)) and hofu (§ 33, (1)). Thus glæd (§ 27, Note 1), glad, and til, useful, are inflected: Masculine. Feminine. Neuter. glæd gladu glæd Sing. N. til tilu til glade glada gladu Plur. N.A. tile tila tilu 47 (b) Polysyllables. 82. Polysyllables follow the declension of short monosyllables. The most common terminations are –en, -en; -fæst, -fast; -full, -ful; -lēas, -less; -līc, -ly; -ig, -y: hǣð-en (hǣð=heath), heathen; stęde-fæst (stęde = place), steadfast; sorg-full (sorg= sorrow), sorrowful; cyst-lēas (cyst = worth ), worthless; eorð-līc (eorðe = earth), earthly; blōd-ig (blōd = blood), bloody. The present and past participles, when inflected and not as weak adjectives, may be classed with the polysyllabic adjectives, their inflection being the same. Syncopation occurs as in a-stem (§ 27, (4)). Thus hālig, holy, blīðe, blithe, berende, bearing, geboren, born, are thus inflected: Masculine. Feminine. Neuter. hālig hālgu hālig blīðe blīðu blīðe Sing. N. berende berendu berende geboren geborenu geboren hālge hālga hālgu blīðe blīða blīðu Plur. N.A. berende berenda berendu geborene geborena geborenu (2) Weak Declension of Adjectives. 83. The Weak Declension of adjectives, whether monosyllabic or polysyllabic does not differ from the Weak Declension of nouns, except that –ena of the genitive plural is usually replaced by –ra of the strong adjectives. Download 0.5 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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