Old english grammar and exercise book
participle. This division includes, therefore, all stems long by nature
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oe grammar
participle. This division includes, therefore, all stems long by nature: dǣl-an, dǣl-de, gedǣl-ed, to deal out, divide [dǣl]. dēm-an, dēm-de, gedēm-ed, to judge [dōm]. grēt-an, grēt-te, gegrēt-ed, to greet . hīer-an, hīer-de, gehīer-ed, to hear. lǣd-an, lǣd-de, gelǣd-ed, to lead. NOTE 1.—A preceding voiceless consonant (§ 9, Note) changes –de into –te: *grēt-de > grēt-te; *mēt-de; >mēt- te; *īec-de > īec-te. Syncope and contraction are also frequent in the participles: gegrēt-ed > *gegrēt-d > gegrēt(t); gelǣd-ed > gelǣd(d). NOTE 2.—Būan, to dwell, cultivate, has an admixture of strong forms in the past participle: būan, būde, gebūd (bȳn, gebūn). The present participle survives in Mn.E. husband = house-dweller. 127. It includes, also, all stems long by position except those ending in mm, nn, ss, bb, and cg (§ 125): sęnd-an, sęnd-e, gesęnd-ed, to send. sętt-an, sęt-te, gesęt-ed, to set [sittan]. sigl-an, sigl-de, gesigl-ed, to sail. spęnd-an, spęnd-e, gespęnd-ed, to spend. trędd-an, tręd-de, getręd-ed to tread. NOTE.—The participles frequently undergo syncope and contraction: gesęnded > gesęnd; gesęted > gesęt(t); gespęnded>gespęnd; getręded > getręd(d). Irregular Verbs of Class I. 128. There are about twenty verbs belonging to Class I that are irregular in having no umlaut in the preterit and past participle. The preterit ends in –de, the past participle in –d; but, through the influence of a preceding voiceless consonant (§ 9, Note), -ed is generally unvoiced to –te, and –d to –t. The most important of these verbs are as follows: bring-an, brōh-te, gebrōh-t, to bring. byc-gan, boh-te, geboh-t, to buy. 76 sēc-an, sōh-te, gesōh-t, to seek. sęll-an, seal-de, geseal-d, to give, sell. tǣc-an, tǣh-te, getǣh-t, to teach. tęll-an, teal-de, geteal-d, to count [tell]. ðęnc-an, ðōh-te, geðōh-t, to think. ðync-an, ðūh-te, geðūh-t, to seem [ methinks]. wyrc-an, worh-te, geworh-t, to work. NOTE.—Such of these verbs as have stems in c or g are frequently written with an inserted e: bycgean, sēcean, tǣcean, etc. This e indicates that c and g have palatal value; that is, are to be followed with a vanishing y- sound. In such cases, O.E. c usually passes into Mn.E. ch: tǣc(e)an > to teach; rǣc(e)an > to reach; stręcc(e)an > to stretch . Sēc(e)an gives beseech as well as seek. See § 8. Download 0.5 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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