Old english grammar and exercise book
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oe grammar
against,
and implying motion or hostility, the accusative is more common. (4) The following phrases are used prepositionally with the dative: be norðan, north of. tō ēacan, in addition to. be ēastan, east of. on emnlange (efn-lang = evenly long), along. be sūðan, south of. tō emnes, along. be westan, west of. (5) Prepositions regularly precede the noun or pronoun that they introduce; but by their adverbial nature they are sometimes drawn in front of the verb: And him wæs mycel męnegu tō gegaderod, And there was gathered unto him a great multitude. In relative clauses introduced by ðe, the preceding position is very common: sēo scīr . . . ðe hē on būde, the district, . . . which he dwelt in (= which he in-habited); Hē wæs swȳðe spēdig man on ðǣm ǣhtum ðe hiera spēda on bēoð, He was a very rich man in those possessions which their riches consist in; nȳhst ðǣm tūne ðe sē dēada man on līð, nearest the town that the dead man lies in. Conjunctions. 95. (1) The most frequently occurring conjunctions are: ac, but. for ðȳ, therefore. 55 ǣr, before, ere. gif, if. būtan, (būton), except that, unless. hwæðer, whether. ēac, also [eke]. ǫnd (and), and. for ðǣm oððe, or. for ðǣm ðe, ðæt, that, so that. for ðon because. ðēah, though, however. for ðon ðe, (2) The correlative conjunctions are: ǣgðer ge . . . . . . . ge both . . . . . . . . . . and. ǣgðer. . . . . . . . . . ōðer either . . . . . . . . . or. oððe . . . . . . . . . . oððe nē. . . . . . . . . . . . . nē neither . . . . . . . nor. sam . . . . . . . . . . . sam, whether . . . . . . or. swā. . . . . . . . . . . swā the . . . . . . . . . . . the. ðā . . . . . . . . . . . . . ðā as . . . . . . . . . . . . as. ðonne. . . . . . . . . . ðonne when . . . . . . . . . then. 56 CHAPTER XVII. COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS. Adjectives. 96. (1) Adjectives are regularly compared by adding –ra for the comparative, and –ost (rarely –est) for the superlative: Positive. Comparative. Superlative. earm, poor earmra earmost rīce, rich rīcra rīcost smæl, narrow smǣlra smalost brād, broad brādra (brǣdra) brādost swift, swift swiftra swiftost (2) Forms with i-umlaut usually have superlative in –est: Positive. Comparative. Superlative. eald, old ieldra ieldest lǫng, long lęngra lęngest strǫng, strong stręngra stręngest geong, young giengra giengest hēah, high hīerra hīehst (3) The following adjectives are compared irregularly: Positive. Comparative. Superlative. gōd, good bętra bętst lȳtel, little, small lǣssa lǣst micel, great, much māra mǣst yfel, bad wiersa wierst (4) The positive is sometimes supplied by an adverb: Positive. Comparative. Superlative. feor, far fierra fierrest nēah, near nēarra nīehst ǣr, before ǣrra, former ǣrest, first (5) The comparatives all follow the Weak Declension. The superlatives, when preceded by the definite article, are weak; but when used predicatively they are frequently strong: sē lǣsta dǣl, the least part; Ðonne cymeð sē man sē ðæt swiftoste hors hafað tō ðǣm ǣrestan dǣle and tō ðǣm mǣstan, Then comes the man that has the swiftest horse to the first part and to the Download 0.5 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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