Old english grammar and exercise book
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oe grammar
Sing
. 1. Ic drīf-e 2. ðu drīf-st (drīf-est) 3. hē drif-ð (drīf-eð) Sing . 1. Ic 2. ðū drīf-e 3. hē Plur . 1. wē 2. gē drīf-að 3. hīe Plur. 1. wē 2. gē drīf-en 3. hīe PRETERIT. PRETERIT. Sing . 1. Ic drāf 2. ðū drif-e 3. hē drāf Sing . 1. Ic 2. ðū drif-e 3. hē Plur . 1. wē 2. gē drif-on 3. hīe Plur . 1. wē 2. gē drif-en 3. hīe Imperative. Infinitive. Present Participle. 1 Lounsbury, English Language, Part II, § 241. 62 Sing . 2. drīf drīf-an drīf-ende Plur. 1. drīf-an 2. drīf-að Gerund. tō drīf-anne (-enne) Past Participle. gedrif-en Tense Formation of Strong Verbs. 103. (1) It will be seen from the conjugation of drīfan that the present stem in all strong verbs is used throughout the present indicative, the present subjunctive, the imperative, the infinitive, the gerund, and the present participle. More than half of the endings, therefore, of the Strong Conjugation are added directly to the present stem. (2) That the preterit singular stem is used in only two forms of the verb, the 1 st and 3d persons singular of the preterit indicative: Ic drāf, hē drāf. (3) That the preterit plural stem is used in the preterit plural indicative, in the 2d person of the preterit singular indicative, and in the singular and plural of the preterit subjunctive. (4) That the stem of the past participle (gedrif-) is used for no other form. Syntax of the Verb. 104. The Indicative Mood 1 represents the predicate as a reality. It is used both in independent and in dependent clauses, its function in O.E. corresponding with its function in O.E. corresponding with its function in Mn.E. 105. The Subjunctive Mood represents the predicate as an idea. 2 It is of far more frequent occurrence in O.E. than in Mn.E. 1. When used in independent clauses it denotes desire, command, or entreaty, and usually precedes its subject: Sīe ðīn nama gehālgod, Hallowed be Thy name; Ne swęrigen gē, Do not swear . 2. In dependent clauses it denotes uncertainty, possibility, or mere futurity. 3 Concessive clauses (introduced by ðēah, though) and temporal clauses (introduced by ǣ, ǣr ðǣm ðe, before) are rarely found with any other mood than the subjunctive. The subjunctive is also regularly used in Alfredian prose after verbs of saying, even when no suggestion 1 Usage sanctions mood, but the better spelling would be mode. It is from the Lat. modus, whereas mood (= temper ) is O.E. mōd. 2 Gildersleeve’s Latin Grammar, § 255. 3 Thus when Alfred writes that an event took place before the founding of Rome, he uses the subjunctive: ǣr ðǣm ðe Rōmeburh getimbrod wǣre = before Rome were founded; but, æfter ðǣm ðe Rōmeburh getimbrod wæs = after Rome was founded. 63 of doubt or discredit attaches to the narration. 1 “Whether the statement refer to a fact or not, whether the subject-matter be vouched for by the reporter, as regards its objective reality and truth, the subjunctive does not tell. It simply represents a statement as reported” 2 ðēah man āsętte twēgen fǣtels full ealað oððe wæteres,though Download 0.5 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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