Oleg Yurievich Tinkov I’m Just Like Anyone Else
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- Chapter 14 This is not a Dream—this is Tekhnoshok!
- There’s simply no need to bring a shopping bag when you come, Tekhnoshok will deliver anything you need, straight to your home.
* * * Between January and March, 1993, I was madly in love with Rina. I missed her and called her constantly. She simply could not get a visa through the same hockey team—not even as a nurse or some such thing. It was hard enough to get into the country as a man; they were especially reluctant to issue visas to women. Dozens of other men were waiting for their women, just as I was. A lot of them were from Vladivostok. (On a side note, I would strongly advise Vitaly Savelyov, Aeroflot’s director, to resume service on the Vladivostok-San Francisco route, in consideration of the fact that a lot of immigrants from Siberia and the Far East live there and given that traveling via Moscow is inconvenient.) In April, the long-awaited day arrived: I arrived at the airport in the ten-year-old red Ford that I had bought for four thousand, shaking with anticipation. I do not know how I drove her back to Santa Rosa. Can you imagine? Three months with no sex. We had a most authentic Parisian wedding and, 9 months later, on December 31, 1993, our first little miracle, Daria Tinkova, entered the world. In the morning Sankin’s dad came into the room and told us with anger in his voice, “We couldn’t sleep all night. Our walls are like cardboard. It’s over, get out of here.” He was also waiting for his wife. He was a very strong man somewhere between fifty and fifty-five years old, and his heart and other organs could not handle our sex—so he just kicked us out. There we were: Rina and I, the mattress, the fax machine, the Ford, and couple thousand dollars in our pocket. Where did we go? To the church of course. We only spent one night in the home of an acquaintance. Immediately, they helped us to rent a room for 300 dollars a month. Sankin and I stopped talking to each other because he had not stuck up for me when his dad kicked us out. Later he admitted that he had been in the wrong: sure we had kept everybody up, but that was not the right way to react… Without his help, I had been left with no interpreter, in any case, and, as a result, my skill in English began to grow more quickly. In the summer of 1993, I bought a house in Santa Rosa. An Armenian guy named Dzhavayan sold it to me. Like the Armenian he was, he just had to sell me something. So he sold me his house, which cost 120 thousand dollars. I paid 20 thousand up front and borrowed the rest from a bank. My monthly payment was 600 dollars. I bought a massive two-storey house that I really had no need for at all. I sold it later for less than I had paid for it and so lost money—but no matter. The important thing to notice is that this dark-skinned Armenian managed somehow to dump the place on me. I still cannot figure out how he pulled it off. * * * While we were trying to get our bearings in America, things in Russia began to turn sour once again. President Yeltsin got into trouble with the Supreme Soviet. The deputies were displeased with Yegor Gaidar’s reforms and blocked the initiatives attempted by the president and government. The president felt that, as guarantor of the Constitution, he did not have sufficient power to actually guarantee it. In the end, the banal power struggle stretched on for a year. On September 21, Yeltsin signed a decree Concerning Gradual Constitutional Reform in the Russian Federation, whereby parliament was dissolved and elections to the State Duma were set for December 11-12. The Supreme Soviet, however, staged a protest, which ended with the White House being stormed on October 3-4. Soviet Chairman Ruslan Khasbulatov, Vice President Alexander Rutskoy, and some of Yeltsin’s other opponents were arrested. We flew into Moscow on the very day that tanks were shooting at the White House. We watched the events live on CNN at the Olympic Penta Hotel where Andy, my partner from Singapore, had gotten a room. He got phone-call after phone-call from his friends that day, asking if he was okay. After a couple of days, Andy left, saying that he would never come to Russia again. “It’s better if I send you containers. You guys have tanks shooting at houses there,” he explained. The country was suffering true political and economic ruin. The quality of health care was on the decline and we just could not risk dealing with a Russian maternity clinic. An acquaintance recommended a clinic in downtown Prague. We took a train to Lviv, Ukraine, which turned out to be just as messed up as St. Petersburg. I was surprised to find that all of the restaurants there were closed, but that for a small bribe we were nevertheless allowed in for something to eat. We got back on the train, rode to Prague, and rented a small apartment, for pennies, not far from the maternity clinic. Right before the New Year, on December 31 at 8 p.m. local time (10 p.m. in St. Petersburg), Rina gave birth to Daria Olegovna Tinkova. The end of yet another fortuitous year was marked by true happiness. Zorik, from San Francisco, is the best hairdresser on the planet Earth. In this photograph, Daria Olegovna Tinkova is only 5 days old. Chapter 14 This is not a Dream—this is Tekhnoshok! At a certain point I realized that retail electronics sales had become more interesting. Selling televisions in bulk in Kemerovo, Novosibirsk, and Omsk brought in less and less money. Finally, I closed my branches in those cities. I simply had to have my own retail chain! In early 1994, I bought a store on Mayakovsky Street in St. Petersburg for 200 thousand dollars. It had belonged to Uni-Land, a company owned by Oleg Leonov. Two hundred grand was an enormous sum. In those days the purchase or sale of a business was unreal, particularly in a place like St. Petersburg. Our deal bears witness to the kind of forward-thinking person that Oleg Leonov was. We have remained friends. He had decided to focus on the cosmetics business, so he got rid of the store. Oleg would subsequently create the retail chain Diski, which he later sold for a billion dollars to Igor Kesayev of the Merkury Group. Oleg Leonov’s potential was already apparent at that time. He is a year and a half younger than me, but at little more than 20 years old, he was already doing really serious business. He contributed to the backbone of business in St. Petersburg, if not in all of Russia. Around the same time, we opened a Sony store on Maly Prospect on Vasilievsky Island. Sony’s management was skeptical about the idea at first, but had no choice but to come to terms with it. First of all, at that time there were no legal grounds for complaints: after all, we would actually be selling Sony products. Secondly, we were buying the equipment from Sony’s official distribution network, but got it on the gray market, in Singapore. The Sony dealers were not happy about us opening the store: they felt that they were Sony, and we were not. In essence, we undermined the dealer system. Because Sony had no other choice, though, they actually helped us out in the end, providing design elements for the store, brochures, and slides. On March 23, 1994 the newspaper Delovoy Peterburg (“St. Petersburg in Business”) published an article that ran as follows: The first dedicated Sony store has opened in St. Petersburg. The company that opened it, Petrosib, a dealer for the Japanese Sony Corporation, estimates that its 1994 revenue will amount to three million dollars. The prices on the products, according to 26-year-old Petrosib president, Oleg Tinkov, will be higher than European prices by the amount paid in taxes and customs fees. Sales representatives at Petrosib’s new store have completed preliminary training, which was provided by specialists from the corporation. Oleg Tinkov is determined to succeed with his customers by way of the service his store will provide. Andy came to the grand opening in spite of his fear over those shots fired at the White House. “You are very ambitious,” he told me as we sat in a restaurant celebrating the store opening. At the time, the word “ambitious” had negative connotations in Russia. I asked, “Andy, what do you mean?” “You’ll go a long way.” I liked this wording much better. Andy explained clarified his use of “ambition” and I realized that it actually denoted a really positive quality. Thank God, to be ambitious in Russia is no longer equivalent to being a scoundrel. The Sony store sold twenty thousand dollars worth of product every day and the profit was phenomenal! Management’s main task was to sew money bags! In Singapore, not only did I encounter delicious food, I also learned new ways of doing business. I discovered that many people could use a single phone number. This was incredibly apparent at Future Systems Electronics. I bought a Panasonic phone station. It had three lines for incoming calls as well as eight outgoing lines. We had grown used to Soviet calls, which all sounded exactly the same. Consequently, I particularly enjoyed changing my tone every day. And of course I made the secretary say “Hello, how may I be of service?” as secretaries did in Singapore where, for example, Future Systems’ secretary always answered the phone, saying “May I help you?” It is quite possible that we were the first company in St. Petersburg to offer assistance to our clients. In the chaotic nineties, people would be bowled over by this kind of treatment. Some just hung up the phone. The office was up and running and I did not have to be present constantly, so in the summer of 1994 we took little Dasha and flew to Santa Rosa, to our house on Little River Avenue. Soon afterwards, I met Alexander Koretsky, a descendent of the old-time Russian immigrants. Sasha helped me with my English and I gave him tips on Russian. Together we opened the Petrosib USA office. The office fulfilled the same function as Sankin’s home had done, back in 1993. We would find an interesting product and sent large shipments to my retail stores in St. Petersburg. We even hired a secretary and a couple of workers. I liked America and did not rule out the possibility of settling there for good. I found an apartment in San Francisco, on famous Lombard Street, with an excellent view of the Golden Gate Bridge and of the whole city. Rina and I really felt at home in the flat and we decided to sell the house in Santa Rosa and buy the apartment. But we did not end up being able to settle in the States. My retail business was growing and starting to bring in good profits. We had no choice but to work on it directly in Russia. Realizing the prospects, in late 1994 (believe it or not) I decided to hire a lawyer and a marketing specialist. I had read someplace that the best way to go about recruiting this type of staff was through an agency, a head hunter, as such organizations were still know back then. I decided to give it a try. My first experience exceeded my expectations. I got in contact with the company BusinessLink Personnel and put in a request for personnel to fill the two positions. This company had been founded right at the beginning of the nineties. When Procter and Gamble first entered the St. Petersburg market, staff at St. Petersburg University did a lot of the recruiting. The experience was a success and so the same people registered a business. They continue to achieve big things to this day. Working with the agency was unlike anything I had ever done before: I went to their office and they brought the candidates, one by one, into a special conference room where I interviewed each of them. I was immediately impressed by a young guy who had just completed his law degree with honors at the university, in the same department where Putin and Medvedev had studied. The kid’s name was Sasha Kotin. He turned out to be a diligent student. We began to restructure the company, borrowing money and doing up contracts according to correct protocol. This really helped me out in the end. If it had not been for Sasha and his astute legal moves, I really would have been screwed during the first crisis in 1998. It is likely that some very bad people would have taken our business away from us. Sasha fought for every penny, for every dollar, and for our company’s reputation. He was incredibly loyal, even though he did not have partner status. He was very conscientious, sharp, intelligent, intellectually astute, and an effective manager. Later, tragedy befell Sasha—but I will talk about that in a bit. As with Sasha, I was incredibly lucky with the marketing specialist that I hired. BusinessLink secured the services of Samvel Avetisyan on our behalf. He had been working as a science consultant at the State Public Library on Fontanka River and was earning around 200 rubles per month. I believed he was the right person for the job and so offered him three hundred dollars a month—really good money at the time. Today, Samvel is a marketing hero. He has his own company, Arkhideya, which develops marketing concepts. My first experience with hiring through the agency turned out to be a huge success. Prior to that, in accordance with Russian tradition, I had hired my friends, or acquaintances, or people that had been recommended to me. Both Samvel and Sasha demonstrated insane levels of efficiency, skill, and knowledge. This was especially clear when you compare their work with that of the managers I had hired on the strength of word of mouth endorsements. If you are serious about being a businessman, then sooner or later you are going to have to turn to a recruitment agency. This is because hiring strictly from among the people that you actually know is a surefire way of destroying your business. If you want to derail your work and lose your investment, do exactly that! As soon as I had two stores, I started thinking about a single name for my chain. After all, it was a chain. We took a survey among the staff, asking them what they thought the chain should be called. Andrei Ryazantsev, one of our sales managers suggested we call the chain Electroshok. People liked the ring of that name, but it also sounded a bit negative, even scary. In the end we decided to call our company Tekhnoshok. Various people have tried to take credit for the name; it is better to say that it was chosen by the group as a whole. Just finding the right name was not enough, however; we had to promote the business as well. I called Samvel from the States all the time, asking him how our advertising campaign was going. At that time—oh my God!—I did not even know what the endeavor that we were involved was called. Four years later, when I was studying at Berkeley, I found out that what we had been planning, then, was known as an integrated marketing campaign. It was the first time that this tool had been used in St. Petersburg, indeed, perhaps, the first time in all of Russia. Both Alexander Mineyev, for example, of the company Partiya, and Igor Yakovlev, of Eldorado, have admitted as much. The guys from Tekhnosila told us later that they took inspiration for their own name from Tekhnoshok. Even their yellow and green color scheme is the same as ours. It all started on September 1, 1995. The city was drenched in Tekhnoshok. We booked as many billboards as well could and called all of the radio stations in order to secure as many spots as they would give us. We hung banners across Maly Prospect and Mayakovsky Street. Oleg Gusev filmed a commercial that was shown on the St. Petersburg TV station. This was around the time that Gusev was filming music videos for Pugachova and Kirkorov—most notably for the latter’s hit song, “Zaika Moya” (“My Baby”). The song in our ad went like this: There’s simply no need to bring a shopping bag when you come, Tekhnoshok will deliver anything you need, straight to your home. It was utter nonsense, but within an hour everyone knew about us. There were line-ups outside the stores. We kept running out of product. The store’s daily revenue was 20 to 50 thousand dollars. It was as though we were printing money. Armored cars with men in bulletproof vests came and went, to and from the bank, picking up our cash. My thanks go out to Promstroibank and Vladimir Kogan, who believed in me and gave me a seven million dollar line of credit. This was serious money in Russia at the time: in 1995 our two stores achieved sales volume to the tune of 20 million dollars. Business was going well and so we began to expand. We rented more space and opened a third store at Kommendantsky Airport, with a fourth on Moskovsky Prospect. By the beginning of 1996, we had a full-fledged chain: five stores in St. Petersburg, two each in Omsk and Kemerovo, and one in Novosibirsk. We dominated St. Petersburg, but our prices were higher than anyone else’s. We had better customer service and higher quality product. Our salespeople wore white-collared shirts and were trained in the American chain Good Guys (which, incidentally, went bankrupt in 2006). The service was shocking for a Russian store: the workers would advise people on what stereo to buy or which television to choose. I can say with a straight face that we brought civilization to our country’s retail industry. I would remind you that the next chain of similar size was Andrei Rogochov’s Pyatyorochka, which was only opened in 1999. How did we make this breakthrough? Well, it is all quite simple. I was on vacation on Lake Tahoe, in California, and I took a thick book with me—Philip Kotler’s Principles of Marketing (which I highly recommend). In it I read about the marketing campaigns of giants like Procter & Gamble, Unilever, and others. We simply followed their example in Russia. The brand’s recognizability was maximized, which made it possible for us to charge more in view of our customer service—the brand created added value for the company. Samvel Avetisyan contributed a lot towards this goal. He did not have a degree in the field, but he followed his intuition and built a reputation as a talented marketer and advertiser. * * * I had undergone a metamorphosis. Beginning as a black-market speculator, flying all over the place, I had now been transformed into a legitimate retail businessman. I now wore a tie. I stopped flying to Singapore all the time. The containers filled with electronics made their own way to us. We became official dealers for Indesit, Panasonic, Aiwa, JVC, Siemens, Bosch and other leading brands and received their products directly in Russia. This was serious business. The staff at our central office on Sadovaya Street expanded from 10 to 50 employees. I would fly to Moscow—to meet with our personnel there—or I would fly elsewhere, in order to attend industry-related exhibitions such as the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas, where the latest developments in electronics are presented every January. I also went to exhibitions in Germany and Japan to search out new product for our stores. It is not surprising that, at this point, I was not actually acquainted with all of the people who worked for me. In this respect, one interesting story concerns something that happened in October 1995, when I dialed an internal number and an unfamiliar voice answered the phone. Naturally I asked, “Who is this?” “Who are you?” “I don’t quite get it. Come to my office, we should talk.” It turns out I had been speaking to our new marketing manager, Vadim Stasovsky, who had been discovered and hired by Samvel. He had met everyone in the office, but did not know all that much about me. Vadim probably thought that this encounter would end badly for him. But we got acquainted and had a straightforward conversation. As a marketing specialist, Vadim’s achievements were huge. We would send him to nearby stores and he would count the boxes our competitors were selling. He would stand for two hours in the freezing cold outside one store, then another two outside another, counting boxes and trying to get an idea of their price. Then he would prepare enormous analytical reports on their sales volume. We realized that Vadim was good with numbers, so we transferred him to finance. At that time corporate finance was a different world than it is today. For the most part there were two elementary types of calculation: addition and multiplication. Whoever was strongest in this regard would get into finance. Vadim has been on my team now for 15 years. He was involved in all my businesses and he has an enormous reservoir of experience. Today he works at Tinkoff Credit Systems. * * * In the meantime, business went well. At the end of 1995, Rina, Dasha, and I were able to move into a new apartment on Kamennostrovskoy Prospect. The apartment, which was located in that majestic building where the son of St. Petersburg Governor Yakovlev would later buy a flat, cost 250 thousand dollars. That was a giant leap for me at the time. When we started remodeling, we took our designer with us to San Francisco. We brought everything—from furniture and drywall to plates and spoons—from the USA. We filled three containers! On December 31, we flew to Chamonix with Uniland’s Oleg Leonov. His wife came along too. Oleg was already a very adept skier. I, on the other hand, had only gotten started at 28 (do not think that 28 is too old). I simply fell in love with the mountains at that time and since then have made good progress. I also remember well a call that I received from Andrei Surkov on January 1, 1996. He wished us a happy New Year and told us the he had sold 100 thousand worth of product the day before—on New Year’s Eve. People bought presents and I grew richer. The business flourished and I decided to hire a professional manager, one with experience in the West. We ran an ad in the San Francisco Chronicle and, together with Alex Koretsky, found Sergio Gutsalenko, a Russian-speaking American who had experience working for Procter & Gamble and Woolworths. I hired him and for a while he held the position of president of Petrosib. Sergei looked very presentable and spoke three languages. In order to consolidate our image, then, I appointed him president of the company. From left to right: I, Igor Spiridonov, Andrei Surkov, and Alex Koretsky at the Hungarian stage of Formula 1 in 1995. That summer I decided to be a blonde. My 28 th birthday celebration with the Tekhnoshok team on December 25, 1995. The first big publication on me was published on August 13, 1996 in the newspaper Delovoy Peterburg. Download 221.22 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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