Oleg Yurievich Tinkov I’m Just Like Anyone Else
Download 221.22 Kb. Pdf ko'rish
|
- Bu sahifa navigatsiya:
- Anton Bolshakov, former deputy chairman of the board at Zenit Bank
- Oxana Grigorova, former PR director for Daria and Tinkoff
- Abdel Belkhadzh, freeriding coach
Chapter 24 No More Beer Of course I was taking a risk by building the plant with borrowed money. The press asked all kinds of questions: “With the plant’s commissioning, the company’s output will grow nine-fold. Aren’t you afraid that the market will not be able to absorb so much Tinkoff beer?” “I am always afraid, but I act. That’s always been my fate as an entrepreneur and businessman. Only fools are fearless. I laugh, thinking about it, but a year ago we were afraid that we would not be able to sell 12.5 million liters.” “Do you have the know-how required to get the plant up and running?” “I have a spiked helmet. I put it on now and then. The secret of the Red Army, the thing that made them undefeatable, lay in their spiked helmets. So I put one on too and we win every battle.” I took a risk, but I think that it was a reasonable one. First of all, the market’s big players did not have their own production plants in the Northwest. Essentially, then, all the power was in the hands of Baltika and Heineken, which not only bought the beer company Bravo, but Stepan Razin’s plant in St. Petersburg as well. Thus there was a potential for the big players to take an interest in buying the factory. Alternatively, if we were to receive no attractive offers for the plant, we were prepared to start making beer with more of a mass appeal than Tinkoff had. It became clear that, with our beer’s price point, it would be impossible to run the plant at its full capacity. Moving the beer into a cheaper niche was not something that we wanted to do, however. So we came up with the brand T, targeted at college students. In addition, I held negotiations with Western manufacturers, seeking licenses to bottle their brands. At the same time, we experimented with products that were new to the Russian market— wondering how things might go if they took off. In 2003, we released a new beer, Tekiza, that was made with tequila and lime. It was a light drink with low alcohol content, a good thirst quencher. We were persuaded to do this when some of us were visiting the director of The San Francisco Chronicle at his villa in San Francisco. The temperature was high and, for an entire week, we drank Tequiza beer, a brand made by Anheuser-Busch. We decided that we ought to make a similar product in Russia. Later we found out that the name had not been registered in Russia. So we adopted a similar name, Tekiza, and began selling the drink when the new production capacity was in place. Tekiza made a successful entry into the market and became popular, especially among young women. The advertising for it used the slogan, “It’s not sex, it’s love.” We hit the target straight on: girls like it when men take that approach. We attempted another product that did not go as well. In 2004, we started selling a malt drink called Zooom. Technically, it was a so-called “special beer,” but in reality it was a “summer liquor”—a beer, essentially, that had not undergone full fermentation. I copied the idea for Zooom from Smirnoff Malt Liquor, which is sold in the States in enormous volumes by the concern Diageo. But Zooom did not take off in the Russian market. It turned out to be too exotic for our tastes. It is by no means the case that every idea that succeeds in the West can take hold in Russia. Rustam Tariko proved as much, later on, when he got into the malt cocktail business. He started bottling the low-alcohol Russian Standard Cool at his Vena plant in St. Petersburg. This beverage was also a flop. In the autumn of 2004, Sun Interbrew expressed their interest in the still incomplete plant and in October we signed a non-binding agreement, according to which Sun Interbrew expressed their intent to buy the plant for three hundred million dollars. We signed it—which was no big deal. In March 2005, when the kids were out of school, we took a trip to Dubai. As I sat by the pool at the Ritz Carlton, my cell phone rang. It was Joseph Strella, president of Sun Interbrew and a well- known manager in Russia. He is very aggressive, but pragmatic at the same time. He invited me to a meeting; he wanted to talk: “Oleg, we’re interested in buying your company. You’re growing, you’re building a factory, and our engineers say that it’s one of the best, one of the most modern plants in Russia.” “Joe, let’s meet.” “Okay Oleg, but I cannot offer you the price you were asking. You know we’ve suffered enormously from Alfa’s attack. We can buy your business, but for less money.” And Joe named the price. “Joe, what’s going on? That’s a whole lot less than we discussed in the fall!” “That’s the deal. Either we do it, or we don’t.” Strella was right about how modern the plant was. The newest enterprise in any industry is always its most modern. I had not bought an old, Soviet-era plant, after all, but rather leveled the land in Pushkin and started construction in an open field. Undertakings like that are referred to as “green field” projects. Now, at that time Sun Interbrew was short on output capacity. Building breweries from the ground up is something that foreigners in Russia do not really like to do (with the exception of Baltika, which is owned by the Danish company Carlsberg). So when the Belgians were deciding what to buy, they gave preference to the plant with the newest technology. But Alfa Group threw a wrench into our plans, as usual. They started to beat hard on InBev. In July 2004, Alfa-Eko bought ten percent of Sun Interbrew’s shares and declared their “intent to take an active part in the company’s management.” No one was in control: the Indian Sun Group held a 37.5% stake, while the Belgians from InBev held the same amount. When they created the joint venture in 1999 they had agreed that they would not seek an increase in their shares. The Belgians got scared and, in August, bought out the Indians’ stake for a really high price: 530 million Euros. It looked like Alfa’s plan had fallen through. The group distinguishes itself, however, by the way that it maintains pressure on its enemies—especially when they are easily frightened foreigners. In November, Nikolai Filatov, a resident of the city of Safonovo, challenged the Federal Anti- Monopoly Administration’s decision concerning the approval of a deal involving the Belgians’ buy- out of the Indians’ share. In his opinion, the deal “will give InBev a monopoly and allow them to fix prices on Sun Interbrew's beer products, which will lead to a decline in quality.” Of course Alfa denied any involvement in the lawsuit, but the Belgians decided that it would be better for them to come to an agreement with the latter, at which point the complaints magically disappeared. Alfa- Eko received 260 million Euros and a twenty-three percent stake in the company Patry, in exchange for twenty percent of Sun Interbrew. InBev paid to maintain control over its Russian assets, which were valued at about one billion dollars. In consequence of all this, InBev paid me less. Imagine my state. In the course of four months I had lost virtually tens of millions of dollars. I agreed to the deal, though, which turned out to be the right move. When you are offered less than you were counting on, accept the offer. It is appropriate to regret it, but sell. Yes, sell—regret it, but sell. There is no need to be clingy. Still, pay close attention if you want to sell. If you have lost your emotional engagement with a business or asset, make sure that you sell it. It took us just three months to get the deal together. In May and June we finished our final negotiations, had them reviewed by the lawyers, and prepared the contract. We closed the deal in June. Because some of the work had already been taken care of back in the autumn, when we were working on the preliminary agreement, everything happened really fast. June 2005 saw the closing of a truly sensational deal. I ended up on the front page of Kommersant. This was unexpected, awesome, and surprising for me. I had become accustomed to opening two newspapers every morning: Kommersant and Vedomosti. I experienced a strange sensation that day, when I unfolded the newspaper and saw myself on the front page! One day I hope to end up on the front page of Vedomosti, which I also respect deeply. I could have blamed Freedman for ruining my deal. Mikhail Maratovich and I are neighbors and we spend time together now and then, but I have not once mentioned this story to him. In that situation, after all, he could not have taken my interests into account. What if I had opened the Tinkoff restaurant in Samara and, as a result, a small bar called Petrovich’s was forced to shut down. What would I have been able to say to Petrovich? “Sorry, man.” That is it. I did not intend him any harm, though, and did not even know that Petrovich’s bar existed. In the same way, when Freedman was waging war with InBev, he could not have known that he was going to buy my beer plant. He was doing his own thing and I was busy with my things. So I do not hold a grudge against him and there is no point in holding a grudge against a big shark. Freedman is one of those oligarchs that do not take part in the loans-for-shares auctions and this is one of his good qualities. In comparison with Potanin and Abramovich, he is a commercial, market-based oligarch. I would never go into partnership with Freedman, though, as I might do with other oligarchs. But of course they would never enter into a partnership with me, knowing how complex my personality is. For them, partnership means being on top. Take Freedman’s role in Wimpelkom or TNK-VR, for instance. Alfa does not hold a controlling share in either of those companies, but it wants to control their business activities. They know how to dominate and they like it. But it is impossible to control me. They are big sharks, while I am a small one. Good luck, though, trying to catch and bite me. The deal was complicated, not only by Alfa, but by problems with the documents, as often happens in Russia. Ivan Ivanovich Ivanov’s documents for the land where his summer cottage is are not in order; neither are oligarch Petrov’s documents for his oil company. In Russia this is a constant pain in the ass, which creates a breeding-ground for bribery and a lack of confidence in the future on the part of entrepreneurs. I am not afraid to use the word “fundamental” to describe this problem. The same thing happened in the present case. The Belgians said that they would not buy my factory until they had some kind of decisive document in hand. Following my normal procedure, I went to the mayor’s office, got in line to see Yury Molchanov, the vice governor, and explained the situation to him. He told me, “Do not worry, you’ll close the deal. We’ll prepare the necessary documents. The project is important to the city. It’ll create new employment.” Time went on, but we still did not get the documents. Then, in April, the London Economic Forum took place. After Valentina Matvienko gave her speech, I walked up to her. “Hello, I am Oleg Tinkov.” “Of course I know you. We worked on your plant. Is everything okay?” “No it’s not okay. We still have not gotten the documents.” Valentina Ivanovna took out her cell phone: “What’s going on? The investors are waiting and you cannot get the documents ready? I thought the matter was already settled.” I do not know whom she called, but in three days we had the permits. What does this mean? It means that there are people out there who are concerned about the city, who are really working hard for it. Sometimes I hear people talk about the Smolny and the bribery that takes place there, and I say, “Keep your mouth shut, I have not paid them a penny.” Would I have paid a couple million dollars for a paper allowing me to close a deal for 260 million? Of course I would have, I am a businessman. But no one ever asked me for such a thing, nor even hinted at it. Everything was above board. People reading this might think that Tinkov wants to make excuses for his buddies in the St. Petersburg administration, or that he is trying to kiss Valentina Ivanovna’s ass. To be honest, though, I do not really care. I appreciate the way that Matvienko’s administration has worked all these years. I travel to St. Petersburg only occasionally these days, but I can see that the city is flourishing. When I see politicians, I say, “You guys are awesome, we should set up a statue in your honor.” Not only have they gotten money for their budget, they spend it really well. * * * At the same time that we were preparing the deal, we were getting our youth-oriented T brand ready. The slogan, “We’re switching to T,” was developed by IQ Marketing. The brand’s theme was the idea of making new acquaintances—with the opposite sex, of course. The idea was that, by drinking T, you could switch to the familiar form of address in Russian—when speaking with the best girl in the room. We decided to create a meme geared to young people. It worked. The expression, “We’re switching to T caught on as a catchphrase: when a guy would tell his friends, “I’ve switched to T with her,” that would mean that, at the very least, he had spent the night with the girl. We started the advertising campaign on May 16, running TV, outdoor, and Internet ads. The ads were shot by Peter Kovach, a director from Hollywood. The voice-work was provided by news anchor Tutta Larsen and actor Marat Basharov. The music was taken from Mumiy Troll’s most recent album (Merging and Absorption). We also used a remix by Viktor Sologub (from the band Deadushki). The ad featured no actors since, on January 1, 2005, an advertising law had come into effect that forbade the use of images of people or animals in beer ads. We could not use pretty girls, therefore, as we had in the Tinkoff commercials. We did use a pair of panties, however, with a daisy pattern and plush bears. The rest of the advertising campaign used concepts based on the phrase, “We’re switching to T,” presented in various ways—lipstick on a windshield, graffiti on the Kremlin wall, contrails, and a petroglyph. We also ran a promotion connected to the brand’s release. It involved an SMS game that allowed consumers to download a ringtone, or an image from the commercial, or to win brand- themed prizes such as a two-seater Peugeot 206 convertible, a hot air balloon-ride for two above London, daisy-patterned underwear, and so on. In support of the T brand and in order to extend our restaurant business, we came up with the idea of opening a chain of T Bars. In 2007, we were planning to open one hundred locations, but we opened one only, on Myasnitskaya Street in Moscow. When we eventually sold the plant, the brand went with it, and we decided that there was no reason to continue the project. After we closed the deal, I was happy, even though I could have earned a lot more on the beer. If only Sabadash had financed the purchase of that plant in 1997… If only Kogan had given me that loan… If only Sun Interbrew had paid the original asking price… If only I had… But there is no subjunctive mood in business. I was happy in spite of all these “if onlys.” For the first time in a long time, I had no debts. It was as though a mountain-sized burden had been lifted from my shoulders. In addition to that, I was in possession of an enormous amount of honestly earned money. I would describe my condition at the time as euphoric. As I rode my bike in Forte dei Marmi, I realized with pleasure that I had no holdings, but that I had many, many millions of Euros in my bank account. Moreover, I was cycling around Tuscany and chatting with other cyclists. It was a pleasure to my soul—not just because I had a lot of money, but because of the sense of work completed, of a mission accomplished. That is why I like to build and sell businesses. A lot of people criticize me and ask why I sell them. Zhenya Chichvarkin said once, “You sold too soon.” But I like the sense of completion, that is for sure! Grow your capital for fifteen years, until your company is worth ten billion: I do not care because it is an endless process. A sale, in contrast, is a fair evaluation of your work, your abilities, your sleepless nights— these things do not come cheap. The important thing is not how much money I earned and it does not matter that someone else could have earned twenty times as much, by keeping the business. The important thing is that this other person remains bound by obligations. As for me, I have none! I really liked the tingly feeling I got just from knowing that I was free from obligations, the happiness I felt at having closed the deal. I just rested, ate frutti di mare, and wore a smile. When I was building the factory, I understood that I was making a good product for large brewing companies. It turned out I was right. I sold my bottle production to the Belgians, but I still own the microbreweries in the Tinkoff restaurants. Attempts to bring Oliviero Toscani on board for the creation of Tinkoff’s image fell short of the goal. Tinkoff beer was profitable for both its producers and its retailers. (The caption reads: This product guarantees increased revenue and profitability for every square meter of retail space.) The slogan, “We’re switching to T,” became firmly fixed in the minds of young people. Anton Bolshakov, former deputy chairman of the board at Zenit Bank: Oleg, without a doubt, is an unusual individual. He stands out. He’s self-made. He’s charismatic and tough-skinned. At times he can be a dictator. Nevertheless, he knows how to work with people. His intuition and charisma help him. His intuition helps him to choose the right path. His charisma enables him to captivate and direct people. He’s a leader. His assertiveness and his belief in what he’s doing allow him to attract resources and create something. Getting a loan from a bank is a matter of presentation. If a person believes in what he’s saying and knows what he’s doing and if he has experience and a track record of some kind, I do not see any problems. Quite often, people come in who are unsure of themselves—they do not know their way around the world of commerce and it’s as though they have just showed up on the scene out of thin air. It’s hard for such people to get a loan. A businessman must be a professional, first and foremost. Oleg had no other choice but become a professional. He could do nothing else; he had to understand the processes involved in pelmeni and beer production and in the sale of banking products. From the start, Oleg’s business style has been very economical. His businesses derive their forward momentum from their people rather than from the price of commodities. You can’t mess around too much if you want to work with him. Oxana Grigorova, former PR director for Daria and Tinkoff: In my opinion, one of Oleg’s strongest and most distinguishing qualities is his ability to generate opportunities—for himself and for others. He has a simply astounding knack for breaking down barriers. He loses sight of the shore—but in a good way. Thanks to him, the phrases “I cannot,” “I do not know,” and “that’s impossible” have completely fallen out of my lexicon. I can do anything and I can figure anything out— absolutely everything that pertains to business in any case. Oleg’s energy is staggering. He’s everywhere at once. And if you’re not lazy and not stupid then you’ll feed on this energy. You’ll learn, you’ll make mistakes, but you’ll move forward, doing the impossible, and you’ll find it terribly interesting. It’s not like working the nine-to-five grind. We are always at work. Oleg is a good chief. He knows how to infect, charge up, and captivate. He also knows how be appreciative and show gratitude. But, like any chief, he’s authoritative. It’s hard to work with Oleg. The bar is set too high. Not everyone can handle the pressure, the rhythm. Oleg works a lot himself and demands a lot of others—a whole lot, a whole hell of a lot. Working with Oleg is no walk in the park. But the result is worth it. Satisfaction with the work you’ve completed is like euphoria. After all it’s not a job at Coca-Cola or Mars, which operated for a century before you came on the scene and will operate for a century after you’re gone. We, by contrast, started from scratch, we worked a lot, and created something that sparked a lot of interest and emotion among people, both of which are things that people are willing to pay for. Abdel Belkhadzh, freeriding coach: I’ve been teaching people how to downhill ski for 20 years, but I’ve never met a guy like Oleg. I’ve seen real motivation in him, which has made it possible for him to achieve very great heights. He had to work long and hard. Oleg likes to compete, to prove to himself that he can do it. He’s a very tough athlete, which is why he was able to establish himself on the slopes, even though he started skiing later on in his life. Oleg follows the principle of “No pain, no gain”—and he does not mind suffering. I’m not his teacher any more. I’m his partner and there’s a big difference. During the Ski Safari in 2010 he was so tireless that I told him he needed a clone of me. Freeriding is much more than a hobby. It’s a passion that only grows stronger with time. You have to be very careful. From among the freeriders we know, someone dies every year. For example, in the winter of 2010, Daniella died in an avalanche. Oleg knew her well. It’s part of the game. The show must go on. When you’re skiing off-piste, no one can give you a 100% guarantee that you’ll survive. Oleg loves to takes risks, but he does so intelligently. I’d love to see Oleg become an elderly freerider. Download 221.22 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
Ma'lumotlar bazasi mualliflik huquqi bilan himoyalangan ©fayllar.org 2024
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling