Oleg Yurievich Tinkov I’m Just Like Anyone Else
Ilya Bortnyuk, music producer
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- Chapter 17 My Favorite Pelmeni
Ilya Bortnyuk, music producer: I can say about Oleg that he’s purpose-driven. Striving for goals without looking left or right is a very good quality. Another of his qualities is his ambition. For Oleg, it was always important to be in the public eye. On the one hand, he always tried to act in accordance with the laws of business, while on the other hand, there was always an element of big risk-taking—that is, a kind of combination of Russian and Western methods. This has ultimately paid off. Of course he has intuition. He always knows where money can be made. Now that’s talent. His main businesses have been successful. In reality he’s a fairly complex person. I don’t understand how people can work for him for decades on end. In reality, actually, there are very few who have been able to do so— maybe one or two. But his huge inner energy attracts people. Even when people don’t understand the value in every thing he’s doing. He captivates with his ideas, with his personality, and people get on board. This is important for a lot of people. I’ve seen him around some that seem very profoundly captivated. Oleg is quite progressive. I haven’t interacted with businessmen too much, but I can say that, as a fairly well known businessman, doing business that wasn’t particularly artistic; he strove towards music, towards the arts. This is an honor to him. America played a big part in it. Chapter 17 My Favorite Pelmeni In later autumn, 1997, I had the meeting of a lifetime. One Saturday I got completely smashed and on Sunday morning my head was pounding. I had no clue what to do about it. Someone suggested that I go to the sauna. I went up to the fifth floor of the Grand Hotel Europe on Nevsky Prospect and started going back and forth between the steam room and the cool pool. An elderly, gray-haired man sat in the sauna. Because both of us wore crosses and because he did not look Russian, I asked, “You’re Orthodox, but from what country?” “I’m Greek, and yes, I’m Orthodox. My name is Athanasius.” “A pleasure; I’m Oleg.” We got to speaking—in English. By that time I was fairly fluent, as I was in America often. Athanasius told me that he imported food production equipment to Russia and that he was now trying to sell ravioli machines. Why would we need such things in our country though? Few people ate real Italian ravioli and most people made their own pelmeni by hand, or on semi-automated equipment. Athanasius and I traded contact information. When I got home, I asked my wife: “Rina, do you ever buy pelmeni?” “Of course I do.” “How many packets a week?” “Two.” All right then, I thought, there seems to be a market for these things. Next, I proposed to Igor Spiridonov that he work on the project with me and we began sizing things up. To begin with, we called the St. Petersburg company Ravioli: “Hello, we trade in food products. Could we buy a metric ton of pelmeni from you?” “Are you kidding? The smallest amount we’ll sell to a distributor is 20 tons.” I nearly lost it. It turned out this market dealt in much higher volume than I had expected. So I said to Igor, “Wow, this is interesting.” Next we found out how much the raw materials would cost and threw together estimates for other expenses—pay for workers, for example. Once the market research was done, I decided to buy some equipment from Athanasius. One ravioli machine, with a production capacity of 300 kilograms an hour, together with a refrigerator, cost around 50 thousand dollars, which entailed a total investment of about 250 thousand dollars. Igor got us some space behind the palace, in the old czars’ stables, and we equipped our storage and production facilities. While the plant was under construction, I could not stop thinking about what kind of pelmeni we would make. One day I went to Moscow on business. While I was there, I went to the première of a film shot by Garik Sukachov. In front of me in the cinema I saw a man with a familiar thatch of hair. It was Andrei Makarevich from the band Mashina Vremeni (“Time Machine”). He was not so bald back then as he is now. I tapped him on the shoulder and asked, without the slightest hesitation, “Andrei, you have a show named Smak. Is there any way that we could buy the Smak trademark for our pelmeni line?” “Here, take my director’s phone number. His name is Nikolai Bilyk.” I called this Kolya and he soon agreed. It turned out that Makarevich’s production company had not actually registered the name “Smak”. Attention! What would a normal, beginning Russian entrepreneur do? Right, he would register the “Smak” trademark for pelmeni and he would have nothing more to do with Makarevich. My friend and lawyer Sasha Kotin had suggested we do just that: “Come on, let’s just register it. TV is one thing and pelmeni is another thing altogether.” But my kindheartedness, good habits, and conscientiousness are sometimes boundless. I decided that this approach would not be right and so told Nikolai about the situation with the trademark. We waited for them to register the name, then bought a license and started producing “Smak” pelmeni. The fundamental difference between Italian ravioli and Russian pelmeni is that while they put pre-cooked meat in the pasta, we enclose raw meat in raw dough and then cook the whole package at once. Given this difference in procedure, as it turned out, the Italian machine would not work for pelmeni. It could not handle the raw meat, was constantly breaking down, and, instead of a producing one hundred kilograms a day, it only managed fifty. We brought an engineer in from Italy and asked him to re-design the machine for Russian needs. Once they had made the upgrade (they even added the letter “R”, for Russian, to the machine’s name), we bought two more machines. I ordered them when I was in Austria over the New Year, skiing. I rented a car and drove to Italy, where I signed a contract with Dominioni worth a half million dollars. I could only pay 400 thousand up front, so I still owed a hundred. But in exchange for this deferral, I offered to write “Made on Dominioni Equipment” on every package of pelmeni. The loan was interest and collateral free. In the end, though, the Italians made up for that with flair. What did they gain? The advertising on our packages helped to earn them millions in sales all across the CIS. Today, Russia accounts for 80% of Dominioni’s sales. The last time that I met with Fabrizio Dominioni (son of the company’s founder, Pietro Dominioni) on Sardinia, he was driving a red Ferrari. Ordinarily, you would not ask someone driving that sort of car, “How are you?”— because the answer would be obvious—but I decided that I would like to know how he was doing in any case. Fabrizio said that the Russian market had really helped the company’s business and that the majority of pelmeni, tortellini, and ravioli sold in Russia are made on Dominioni equipment. In business you can never be sure what will lead to what. In this case, thanks to a strange encounter between a Greek, Athanasius, and a Russian, Oleg, Dominioni, a small family-owned company founded in Italy in 1966, was able to expand its business substantially. My favorite concept, the notion of a “win-win” situation, is exemplified here perfectly: in any deal, both parties must win something. This is a Western approach and it is right. In contrast, in Russia, it is a question of “who breaks whom,” so that, in principle, every deal has to have a winner and a loser. Always strive to make it so that both sides win. * * * Thus, in the winter of 1998 we set up two newly purchased production lines. I was completely consumed by the pelmeni and stopped showing up at the Tekhnoshok office. We were still making money there, of course, but the return on investment was nowhere near the results we achieved in the pelmeni business. Andrei Surkov remained in charge across the board. I was so immersed in my new business that, on one occasion, having recently returned from America—where Rina and Dasha were living at the time—instead of going home, I drove my Mercedes 600 to the pelmeni factory in Peterhoff. For some reason there were not enough people there and so, while my driver slept in the car, I worked all night in the plant—feeding, receiving, packaging pelmeni. All the while, of course, I was also examining the machinery, to see how it was made, how it operated, and trying to see if there was any room for improvement. At first the three production lines, which were not operating at full capacity, made 300 kilograms an hour. Later we accelerated production on the machines and, in mid 1998, just before the crisis started, we were making one ton per hour. The total cost of the finished pelmeni, including raw materials, was a dollar per kilo. We would sell them for three dollars a kilogram. I selected two exclusive distributors, Foodline and MBK. Because the “Smak” name was well established—thanks to Makarevich’s shows on ORT (All Russia Television)—we earned quite a bit. Net profit amounted to around half of our total turnover of 700 thousand dollars a month. Thanks to two new technologies that we had implemented, our pelmeni began flying off the shelves. First, we were able to produce tons’ worth of pelmeni every day, something that you could never do if you had people working by hand. Second, we used shock freezing, which gives the pelmeni a long shelf life—even at zero degrees. With the help of a loan from Promstroibank, we bought out Tekhnoshok’s warehouse on Predportovaya Street. Inside, we built a factory. We poured polymer floors, set up massive processing lines, and installed shock-freezing equipment. We invested nearly three million dollars. It is still Daria’s main production facility. We were some of the first people in Russia to create a grocery production plant that complied, across the board, with Western hygiene standards. The inspectors were shocked: stainless steel, white coats, gloves, and even masks, which were worn by workers in the meat department. Suddenly Igor Spiridonov wanted fast money and decided to put a stop to his investments. I bought his share for 100 thousand dollars and he departed, not realizing that the business had a big future ahead of it. On June 1, 1998, I started up the factory, counting on massive profits. Two and a half months later, though, the crisis hit. The dollar’s value expanded to many multiples of what it had been worth before. Prior to mid August, my most important unit of currency had cost around six rubles. Suddenly, however, its value started expanded: seven, ten, twelve, fourteen…our pelmeni were everywhere, but no one was willing to buy them for three dollars anymore. Lowering the price was torturous: with production costing one dollar per kilo, we had to sell the pelmeni for the same amount—but at the new ruble exchange rate, which meant that we were just covering costs. The crisis created a reserve for expansion in production. Starting with a small profit margin, we quickly started gaining market share. It was a good thing that our factory’s five lines made a ton and a half of pelmeni per hour! We made almost 30 metric tons a day. The country was being buried, virtually, in pelmeni. In order to truly cover the country with them, however, the “Smak” brand alone would not suffice. I would have to create my own brand. I had often heard my wife call my daughter: “Daria, come here! Daria, time to eat!” At the same time, our five-year old Dasha really loved pelmeni. I though about it and decided that ‘Daria’ was an awesome idea. Why not call our pelmeni brand that? We registered the trademark, and ordered a logo and company motif from the St. Petersburg company Coruna. A red-green color combination was rare then; the brand looked fresh and appealing. Promotion requires advertising though. There is no other way. Another stroke of genius came into my head: why not make a provocative, sexy advertising campaign. Nothing sells like sex, I thought. And I was right. I remembered an incident from my own life, where a man had grabbed his wife by the tits and said, “Now these are quite the pelmeni” Well—why not get hold of a woman’s butt for the ad? We found a university student, covered in goose bumps. It was winter, after all. Andrei Kattsov, a designer who had worked in three companies—Petrosib, Daria, and even in Tinkoff— called a photographer friend, sprinkled the woman’s buttocks with flour, took a picture. All that remained to do was to write the words, “Your Favorite Pelmeni!” and the ad would be ready to run! We put up a total of five posters in St. Petersburg and two in Moscow, where we concluded dealers’ agreements with major distributors. You should have seen what happened next. A breakthrough. Our finest hour! We really got everyone going, so to speak. To this day, people still remember that photo of the naked bum. Moreover, the expression “favorite pelmenies” became a catchphrase. Even during the crisis, our huge factory worked at full capacity, then, not only producing Daria pelmeni, but varenniki, a vegetarian equivalent, as well. * * * The plant in Peterhoff kept producing Smak, but things started to turn sour with Makarevich. His director, Nikolai, seeing our results, started choking us, pressuring us, raising his royalty fees. Our little love affair came to an end. On top of that, they started assigning the “Smak” name to other manufacturers. They even gave other companies the right to make pelmeni under the same name, which, in our view, was unacceptable. In any case, the quality of the pelmenies being produced by so-called ‘Smak’ number two left much to be desired. Consumers, seeing the two types of Smak in the store, asked for the ones from St. Petersburg. Makarevich plied and pestered us so badly that, in mid 1999, we registered our own trademark, “Pitersky Smak”. We even began staging direct attacks on the Smak TV show (with the help of Yevgeny Arievich of Baker & McKenzie), which were a real headache for Makarevich. And it was all because of their unseemly behavior. With all due respect to Andrei Makarevich the artist, I cannot say anything good about his qualities as a businessman—although maybe he was simply going along with whatever his conniving boss thought up. Everything works out in the end though. Thanks to the muddled situation with Smak, I invested more in my own brand. You are never stingy with your own business, so we started an aggressive marketing campaign for Daria. We rented illuminated signs in Moscow, on Novy Arbat, purchased space on billboards, shot commercials, and paid for TV spots, all of which were noticed by consumers. I’ll feast as I did in the good ol’ days. I made ‘em myself. Daria. I imagine that many of my readers will still remember that slogan. Perhaps someone still remembers another provocative piece of advertising—“Meat inside”—with a logo reminiscent of Intel’s, and our United Colours of Daria, where we parodied Benetton’s slogan. The consumer asked for—indeed demanded—our pelmeni. We worked according to the book with our distributors as well. I have to give credit to Igor Pastukhov, who transferred from Petrosib to Daria. He had our partner relations down pat. What is a distributor? If your business has some relation to retail sales, you must not forget that your success lies with your partner. If he is not motivated, then nothing will work. He has to take a big cut; then he will be interested in working hard, selling well. In relation to all of my businesses, I have always preached that the profit margin must be large. If there is no profit, there is no margin. You cannot earn, in your own right, and not share with your distributors. That would be irresponsible, both towards yourself and towards your partners. For instance, we paid twenty cents per kilogram, while my competitors (e.g. Talosto, Kolpin or Ravioli) were able to pay only five cents. Our distributors were therefore wholly motivated to sell our pelmeni and varenniki. Now, naturally, with this approach, the retail price will be higher than the competition’s, but you cannot simply set a higher price “out of thin air.” There has to be some justification for doing so. We had a high-quality, talent-driven, concise marketing strategy based on the real state of affairs. You might consider our pelmeni an innovative product. What made Daria an innovation? It was because we used shock-freezing. The pelmeni were never touched by human hands in the course of the production process and everything was produced on imported stainless steel machines. At Soviet-era meat-packing plants, product was put in the freezer for about an hour. Our product was frozen within 5-10 minutes, so that the pelmeni did not stick together and could be stored at zero degrees for twenty-four hours. We had all of the four P’s of marketing—Product, Place, Price, and Promotion. With all of these elements in place, the finished product’s high quality meant that we could sell for more. We had a really good team and were soon making big money. We grew very quickly, building momentum aggressively. In 1999 we sold three thousand tons of product every month. Net monthly profits amounted to 300 thousand dollars. We experimented with our selection often. Apart from Daria and Pitersky Smak, we sold products under the names Tolsty Kok, Dobry Produkt, and Tsar-Batyushka—all kinds of pelmeni, varenniki, meat-filled pastries, and so on. Our best-selling product, however, was the most run-of- the-mill pelmeni, filled with “the meat of young bulls.” I do not remember who thought up that ingenious phrase, but it is still used by a number of manufacturers. It sounds pretty, but in reality, it was, of course, normal beef. On weekends, I would take Rina and Dasha shopping. I would look at what the market had to offer and what was lacking. Rina would shout, “I’m sick and tired of your pelmeni and your market research!” For my part, though, I was happy to mix family time with market analysis. When I traveled abroad, I took note of what sold well in other countries. From the West I got the idea for canned pelmeni. But it did not work! In Russia, we cannot sell the same types of canned goods as in the West. For instance, canned soup, which is very popular in the USA has not caught on here in Russia, even though it’s a multi-billion dollar industry led by the Campbell’s brand. With my pelmeni business, I made an important step in the field of distribution. I entered into a partnership with a major distributor, Sergei Rukin’s company, MBK. I first met him at a party at the Planetarium. He was Yevgeny Finkelshtein’s junior partner. A few years later he called me and informed me that he was selling frozen food products. He offered to sell our Smak pelmeni. At first I did not believe him: how could a dance party organizer sell pelmeni. But Sergei is a true businessman. His company, MBK, became our largest distributor. In the end, we gave them better prices because of the volume that they were buying. At points, MBK accounted for 40% of our sales. In order to motivate MBK even more and in order to tie things up, in a word, with Daria, I cleverly offered Sergei a partnership. He agreed. Together, we commenced construction of a small factory in Pushkin, investing something like three million dollars in it. Two years later we succeeded in selling it for six or seven million. At the new factory we produced pelmeni and cutlets under the Tri Porosyonka (“Three Piglets”) brand. Sergei’s loyalty to Daria was at its maximum, as he was now my business partner, and his share in our sales grew. How does one climb a tall tree? By befriending the birds. You must always think of ways to hold your partner’s interest and take measures to insure that things unfold in accordance with the “win-win” principle. That is what I did and, as a result, Sergei Rukin was very highly motivated— motivated to sell the product that we made together, but motivated as well to sell the main product that I was making. After all, we were making big money together. I will now conclude the pelmeni stage of my life story. Daria was my first project involving food production and the first to have a ridiculously high profit margin. While we sold electronics through Tekhnoshok and Petrosib for prices that were only slightly above cost, I had now learned from experience what a high mark-up—100 to 200 percent—was really like. Food product manufacturing involves fairly simple processes, but it is important to have the right technology and the right recipe or, rather, utilization of the former and adherence to the latter. If you can manufacture a product with the same stable quality, day in and day out, then you win. Fluctuations in quality are the scourge of young Russian enterprises in the grocery market. I learned first hand what it takes to create and control a brand and, for the first time, tried out aggressive promotional tactics—specifically the use of sex in advertising. We do most of our work on the basis of hunches. I came to be even more convinced of this after I spent the second half of 1999 studying marketing at the University of California at Berkeley. We opened a new line at Daria on December 25, 1998 with a bottle of Champagne. Download 221.22 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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