On the absorption of light by crystals
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rspa.1938.0137 (1)
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- On the absorption of light by crystals 385
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a b s o r p t io n of lig h t T h e p u rp o se o f th is p a p e r is to discuss th e a b so rp tio n o f lig h t b y non- m e ta llic solids, a n d in p a r tic u la r th e m e ch a n ism b y w hich th e en erg y o f th e lig h t a b so rb e d is c o n v e rte d in to h e a t. I f one considers fro m th e th e o re tic a l p o in t o f view th e a b so rp tio n sp ectru m o f a n in s u la tin g c ry sta l, one finds t h a t i t co n sists o f a series o f s h a rp lines lead in g u p to a series lim it, to th e s h o rt w a v e -le n g th side o f w hich tru e c o n tin u o u s a b so rp tio n sets in (P eierls 1932; M o tt 1938). I n p ra c tic e the la ttic e v ib ra tio n s w ill b ro a d e n th e lines to a g re a te r o r less e x te n t. W hen a q u a n tu m o f ra d ia tio n is a b so rb e d in th e reg io n o f tr u e co n tin u o u s a b so rp tio n , a free e lec tro n in th e c o n d u ctio n b a n d a n d a “ p o sitiv e hole ” a re fo rm ed with en o u g h en erg y to m o v e aw ay fro m one a n o th e r a n d to ta k e p a r t in a p h o to c u rre n t w ith in th e c ry sta l. W h en , ho w ev er, a q u a n tu m is a b so rb e d in one ol th e a b so rp tio n lines, th e p o sitiv e hole a n d e lec tro n fo rm ed do n o t have Downloaded from https://royalsocietypublishing.org/ on 01 January 2023 On the absorption of light by crystals 385 enough energy to separate, b u t m ove in one a n o th e r’s field in a q u antized state. An electron in a crystal moving in th e field of a positive hole has been term ed by Frenkel (1936) an “ e x c ito n ” . W hen an exciton is form ed by th e absorption of a q u an tu m of rad iatio n , there are th ree things which can h ap p en to it. These are: (а) The electron and positive hole m ay separate, th e necessary energy W being provided by th e th erm al ag itatio n of th e surrounding atom s. I f (a) happens w ith appreciable probability, th e cry stal will show p h o to conductivity for th e w ave-length concerned. W e shall denote by P dt th e probability per tim e dt th a t th e electron and hole separate, an d shall assum e th a t P varies w ith th e tem p eratu re according to th e law Download 93.32 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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