On the absorption of light by crystals
On the absorption of light by crystals
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rspa.1938.0137 (1)
On the absorption of light by crystals
389 We believe these sharp drops m u st correspond to th e tem p eratu re Te discussed above, an d th a t th e curves are of th e ty p e for w hich W ' > W shown in fig. 2. This conclusion is stren g th en ed b y th e fact th a t these salts show luminescence a t low tem peratures.* We conclude th a t th e energy W necessary to separate a positive hole an d electron is (for AgBr) W = 25 ° fc/ 0-06 ~ 0 0 3 5 e-volt. This very low activ atio n energy will be discussed in th e n ex t section. The experim ental result, th a t in silver halides th e drop in th e p h o to electric cu rren t occurs a t such low tem peratures, has interesting conse quences for th e th eo ry of th e photographic la te n t im age in halide emulsions. The p rim ary action of th e light is believed to be th e production of free electrons; if this happens a t low tem p eratu res, th e y become tra p p e d a t surface levels, whence th e y are released w hen th e em ulsion is w arm ed up for developm ent, th e actu al la te n t im age form ation th en tak in g place. Berg and Mendelssohn (1937) find th a t emulsions still have considerable sensitivity a t liquid hydrogen tem p eratu re; we should expect a very m arked drop in th e sensitivity as th e tem p eratu re is lowered to th a t of liquid helium. 3 . T he activation energy W As we have already stated , for th e alkali-halide crystals various authors have assum ed th a t in th e first excited sta te th e electron is rem oved from a halogen atom on to a neighbouring m etal atom . Such an assum ption gives W — e 2 /Kr, W being pictured as th e work necessary to rem ove an electron from a m etal atom adjacent to a n eu tral halogen atom , to a m etal atom a t infinity, Download 93.32 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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