O`quv-uslubiy majmua (I kurs talabalari uchun mo`ljallangan) Navoiy -2021

UMUMINSONIY QADRIYATLAR – insoniyat tomonidan yaratilgan, umuminsoniy manfaatlarga vaxalqlarning o’zaro hamjihatlikda yashashlari va rivojlanishlari uchun xizmat qiladigan umuminsoniy axloq, xalqaro siyosiy, iqtisodiy, madaniy, ilmiy, falsafiy, diniy munosabatlar tajribasi, malakalari va h.k.larni o’zida mujassam-lashtiruvchi tushuncha.
Milliy va umuminsoniy qadriyatlar o’zaro uzviy aloqada bo’ladilar.
UNIVERSAL VALUES – creat by people, concept which living common interests and in peace and harmony and the service of development, universal moral,international political , economic, culyural,philosophical,scientific,religious attitudes, qualifications and others.
URF-ODATLAR– kishilar turmushiga singib ketgan, doim takrorlanib turadigan xatti-harakat, ko’pchilik tomonidan qabul qilingan hulq-atvor qoidalari va ko’nikmalar (masalan, o’zbeklarda kichiklarning kattalarga salom berishi, erta turib uy-xovlini supurib-sidirish, tartibga keltirib qo’yish, mehmonlargaalohida hurmatda bo’lish, bayram arafasida betob, ojiz va qiynalaganlardan xabar olish, yordamga muxtojlarga hasharga borish va shu kabilardir).
TRADITIONS - soak into minds of people ,activity always repeated,accept rules by most people,(for example, to say good morning little adults to greet,cleaning houses in the morning,making up, respecting guests,helping ill people,helpless and etc.)
FIKR ERKINLIGI– bu jamiyat a’zosi bo’lgan har bir shaxs tabiiy va ijtimoiy jarayonlarga, fuqarolar bilan siyosiy tashkilotlarga va milliy, irqiy, diniy, sinfiy munosabatlarga ega bo’lgan mustaqil fikrlarini huquqiy, siyosiy diniy va boshqa muassasalar tomonidan bo’lishi mumkin bo’lgan turli tazyiqlardan muhofaza qiladigan ijtimoiy muhit.
FREEDOM OF THOUGHT-this the social environment which any natural person who is a member of the community and social activities, citizens and political organizations and national, racial,religios, class relations and protection of repression which may be by other agencies.
FUQAROLIK JAMIYATI– davlat rivojlanib borgan sari davlat boshqaruvida turli xil vazifalarning asta sekin fuqarolarga topshirilishi, ya’ni o’z–o’zini boshqarish organlarining rivojlan-tirilishi tushuniladi.
Fuqarolik jamiyati vazifalari oldindan belgilab qo’yilgan davlat hokimiyati organlaridan va fuqarolarning jamoatchilik birlashmalaridan, ijtimoiy harakatlardan, fuqarolik institutlaridan va siyosiy partiyalardan tuzilgan boshqaruvdan iboratdir.
CIVIL SOCIETY-the government is developing increasingly wide variety of tasks in public administration is gradually handed over to the citizens ,that is understood development of self-governginbodies .Functions of civil society consist of calls to pre-determined state bodies and public organizations of citizens, social activities, university of citizens and established political parties.
SIIVILIZASIIYA–(lotincha “civilis” – fuqaroviy, ijtimoiy) – jamiyatning o’z taraqqiyoti jarayonida yaratgan moddiy va ma’naviy boyliklarining, ularni yanada ko’paytirib hamda takomillashtirib borish usullarining majmui. SIivilizasiiya insoniyat taraqqiyotining mahsuli vaayni vaqtda zaminidir.
CIVILIZATION – (latin “civilis”- civil,social ) – methods of complex which created in the process of development of the society and its material and spiritual riches, increasing and improving them. Civilization is the product of development and at this time is ground.
SHARM-HAYO– ham iymonlilik belgisi sanaladi. SHarm - bu so’z har bir odamning nojo’ya, yomon hatti-harakatlardan o’zini tiya olish, uyalish hissi. Xadisi shariflardaaytilishicha, odam, eng avvaloo’zidan uyalishi kerak, Nojo’ya, yomon qilmishi, xatti-harakati uchun o’zidan uyalgan odam o’zgaga ham nojo’ya hatti-harakatni ravoko’rmaydi. O’zidan uyalmagan odamda sharm bo’lmaydi. Demak, sharm odam o’z nojo’ya harakati uchun o’z vijdoni, diyonati oldida javob berish hissi, desak bo’ladi.
Hayo - bu o’zbekcha uyat demakdir. Hayosiz, behayo deyilganda, uyatsiz ish kilgandaxijolat chekmaydigan, odob - axloqsiz kishi tushuniladi. Hayo erkak kishiga nisbatan ayollarda tabiatan ko’prok bo’ladi.
SHAME-SHY – is sign of faith. Share is feeling which each person restrains their own bad activities. It is said in the hadith, each person should blush themselves, people who blushed their own bad activities,they do not obscurity bad activities to other people.People who do not ashamed of themselves have not share.Means, share is feeling which people answer for their own bad activity,conscience and commitment. Shame is uyat in uzbek Mockingly person who is understood unshy person. Men have more shy than women..
ESTETIK MADANIYAT– insonning -hissiy faoliyati bilan bog’langan munosabat va qadriyatlar tizimini ifodalaydi. Estetik madaniyat sohasi – bu, insonning tevarak atrofni o’rab olgan voqelikka nisbatan bo’ladigan munosabatida o’zini erkin namoyon etishdir. Bu erkinlikning mohiyati shundaki, inson predmetga, uning jinsi va turiga mos me’yorini topib gavdalantiradi, uni qayta ishlaydi.
AESTHETIC CULTURE – characterized by person’s emotional attitudes and values associated with the system.Aesthetic culture is demonstrating wrap around a person’s attitude towards reality.The essence of freedom, finding human subject, depending on its sex and embody principle.It works again.
E’TIQOD – insonnig o’z fikr va qarashlarida dunyo hodisalarining muayyan turiga (masalan: ilmiy, siyosiy, ahloqiy, diniy) mahkam, sobitqadamlik bilan ishonishi va unga qat’iy amal qilishni anglatuvchi falsafiy tushuncha.
RELIGION – philosophical conception which some thoughts and opinions on world events rely on a certain type of man ( for example, scientific,political, moral,religious) and it means to comply with strict.
O’Z-O’ZINI BOSHQARISH ORGANLARI–shaharcha, qishloq vaovullarda, ular tarkibidagi mahallalarda, hamda shaharlardagi mahallalarda 2,5 yilga saylanadigan fuqarolarning yig’inlaridir.
SELF – GOVERNING BODIES – assemblies which elected for 2.5 years in towns, country and aoul, the neighbourhood which in town.
O’ZBEKISTONDA DINIY KONFESSIYALAR – rus pravoslav, Rim-katolik, arman – Grigoryan, Lyuteran cherkovlar (xristian konfessiyasi), shuningdek, yaxudiylik, islom konfessiyalari, jami 15 ta diniy konfessiyalar mavjud.
RELIGIOUS CONFESSIONS IN UZBEKISTAN – Russian pravaslov,Roman-catholic,Armenian-Grigoryan,churches of Lyuteran (confession of Christian),also,Judaism ,confession of Islam,there are 15 religious confessions.
QADRIYATLAR – borliq va jamiyat, narsalar, voqealar, hodisalar, inson hayoti, moddiy va ma’naviy boyliklarining axamiyatini ko’rsatish uchun qo’llaniladigan tushuncha. Qadriyatlar tarixiy va zamonaviy bo’lishi mumkin. Qadriyatlarning xilma-xil shakllari bor: moddiy va ma’naviy, umumbashariy, mintaqaviy, umuminsoniy; jamiyat hayotining sohalari bo’yicha iqtisodiy, ijtimoiy, siyosiy, madaniy
TRADITIONS – concepts which the importance of moral,financial values and world,things,matters, people’s life.Traditions may be historical or modern.There are many kinds of tradition: financial,and moral,global,continental,humanity,the life society on social, economical,political,cultural traditions.
QORA TOSH (arab. al-Hajar al-asvad) – musulmonlar ziyorat qiladigan tosh. Kumush chambar bilan birlashtirilgan bir necha bo’lakdan iborat. U Ka’ba devorlaridan biriga tashqaridan joylashtirilgan. Makkaga hajga borgan musulmonlar Qora toshni o’pib yoki qo’l tekkizib ziyorat qiladi. Qora tosh islomda mo’’tabar hisoblangan narsalardan biri. SHariatga ko’ra, umra yoki haj ziyoratiga borgan odam Qora toshni o’pishi yoki qo’lining ichki tarafi bilan unga ishorat qilib, so’ng qo’lini o’pishi (istilom) sunnat amallaridan hisoblanadi.
THE BLACK STONE – (arabian al-Hajar al-asvad) – the stone which musulman’s pligrimages.It consist of several pieces which combining with silver wreath. It is placed on the wall of Kaba’s by out.Muslim pligrimages kiss or armed black stone. Black stone one of secred thing in Islam.In Sharia umra or haj pligrimage people should kiss or touch it with hand and then kiss their hands,this is called sunnat.
QUR’ON – (arab. – o’qimoq, qiroat qilmoq; jamlash) – Alloh tarafidan 23 yilga yaqin muddat mobaynida Muhammad a.s. gaoyatma-oyat, sura-sura tarzida nozil qilingan ilohiy kitobdir. Bu kitob islom dinining muqaddas manbai hisoblanadi. Islom ilohiyot maktablaridan biri ahl as-sunna va-l-jamoa ta’limotiga ko’ra, qur’on Alloh taoloning so’zi va uning azaliy ilmi bo’lib, Muhammad a.s. ga vahy orqali nozil bo’lgan. Qur’on o’zidan oldin nozil bo’lgan barcha ilohiy kitoblarning ma’no, hikmat vaahkomlarini o’zida jamlaganiga ishorat bordir. Qur’on 114 ta suradan iborat. Sura Qur’ondan bir bo’lak bo’lib, eng kami uchta yoki undan ortiq oyatlarni o’z ichigaoladi. Oyatlar soni esa Qur’on matnlarini taqsimlashning turli yo’llariga ko’ra, 6204 ta, 6232 ta, hatto 6666 tagacha belgilangan.
KURAN – (arabian – to read,to recide,to gather) – godly book which it issid to Muhammad s.a.v. by sura and oyat in 23 years by God. This book I sacred source of religious of Islam.One of godly Islam schools ,which ahl as-sunna va-l-jamoa, show that Kuran is god’s word and his enviriable sciene, it is said to Muhammad a.s. by vahy. It consist of 114 sua.Sura is a piece of Kura,include three or more oyats.It is project dividing Kuran , it consist of from 6204,6232 to6666.
G’OYAVIY BO’SHLIQ - deb, eski xukmron mafkura halokatga uchrab, u bilan bog’liq tushunchalarning qadrsizlanishi, bugungi hayot, o’tmish va kelajakka dahldor qadriyatlar, tushuncha va tasavvurlarni to’liq anglab etmasligi oqibatidaodamlarning qalbi vaongida vujudga keladigan bo’shliqqaaytiladi.
IDEOLOGIC EMPTINESS – the old ruling ideology crash,devaluation of the concepts associated with it,today’s life ,past and future traditions,concept and the hearts and minds of the people from the space.
HADIS (arab. – “xabar”, “yangilik”), hadislar – Muhammad s.a.v. ning aytgan so’zlari, qilgan ko’rsatmalari to’g’risidagi rivoyatlar. Ikki qismdan iborat bo’ladi: matn va isnod. Hadis ikki turga bo’linadi: 1. Hadisi qudsiy; 2. Hadisi Nabaviy. Hadislar e’tiborgaolinishi jihatidan yana uch qismga bo’linadi: 1. Sahih. 2. Hasan. 3. Zaif.
HADITH –(arabian – “information”,”news” ) – hadiths – the word is said by Muhammad s.a.v..It consist of two parts:matn and isnod.Hadith is divided into two.1.Hadith qutsy.2.Hadith Nabaviy.It again is divided into three based on position:1.Sahih. 2.Hasan. 3.Zaif.
HAZRATI IMOM MAJMUASI, Hastimom – Toshkentdagi me’moriy yodgorlik. Majmua qurilishiga imom Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Ismoil al-Qaffol ash-SHoshiy (904-976) ning qabri asos bo’lgan. Qabr va uning atrofida vujudga kelgan qabriston hamda me’moriy yodgorliklar majmuasi (Kaykovus bog’i bilan birga) Hazrati imom nomi bilan ataladi. XVI asrning 30 –yillarida 2 ta maqbara qurilgan; kattasi Toshkentning shayboniylar sulolasidan bo’lgan xoni Suyunchxo’jaxon maqbarasi deb taxmin etiladi. XVI asrning 50- yillarida bu binolar Baroqxon madrasasi me’moriy yodgorligt tarkibiga qo’shilgan. O’sha davrda Qaffol SHoshiy maqbarasi bunyod etilgan.
COMPLEX OF HAZRATI IMAM – Hastimom – architectural monument in Tashkent.It built basing on grave of imom Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Ismoil al-Qaffol ash-Shoshiy(904-976).It is called Hazrati imom (garden of Kaykovus ) collection of architectural monuments which is located around it.In XVI century 30-years were built 2mosques;first the mosque of Suyunchxojakhan who denisty of Shayboniys. In XVI century 50-years these buildings were ….In those years , Qaffol Shoshiy’s maqbarah was built.
HIJRIY YIL HISOBI –xalifa Umar ibn Xattob tomonidan joriy qilingan musulmonlar yil hisobi. Muhammad s.a.v. va safdoshlarining Makkadan Madinaga ko’chishi bilan bog’liq. Qamariy (hijriy-qamariy yil) va shamsiy (hijriy-shamsiy yil)ga bo’linadi. Qamariya bo’yicha Hijriy yil hisobi 622-yilning 16-iyulidan boshlanib, sinodik oy (29,530588 kun)gaasoslangan. O’n ikki oydan iborat bir qamariy yil 354, 3671 kundan iborat bo’ladi. Qamariy yilda 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 va 11 oylar 30 kundan, qolganlari 29 kundan butun qilib olingan. Oylar tartibi bilan muharram, safar, rabbiul avval, rabbiul oxir, jumodil oxir, rajab, shabon, ramazon, shavvol, zulqada, zulhijja deb ataladi. Qamariy yil tropik yildan (hozirgi grigoriy taqvimidan) 10-12 kun qisqa.hhhhh hhhjjkk
....H.YEARS – musulman’s years which created by Umar ibn Xattob.It is based on Muhammad s.a.v.and his comrades’ moving from Makka to Madina.It divided into qamary(hijriy-qamary year ),and shamsiy( hijriy-shamsy year).H. years begin on 16-June of 622-years based on synodic month(29,530588 days).One qamariy year consists of twelwe months and 354, 3671 days.In qamariy years 1,3,5,7,9 and 11 months,30 days, rest of 29 days.Month’s orders are called muharram,safar , rabbiul avval,rabbiul oxir,jumodil,oxir,rajab, shabon,ramazon,shavvol,zulqada,zulhijja. Qamariy years is shoer than tropical years( today’s of grigorical calendar) to 10-12 days.