Organik kimyodan mustaqil ta`lim uchun dasturlashtirilgan topshiriqlar yaratish texnologiyasi
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34 q a t r o n ( s m o l a ) t a r k i b i d a 2 0 0 d a n o r t i q o r g a n i k b i r i k m a l a r b o ‟ l a d i . Ularning ko ‟p chiligini a ro matik birik mal ar tashkil etadi . Toshko‟mi r qatroni asosan besh bo ‟lakka a jratiladi: 1 . 1 7 0 0 C g a c h a q a y n a y d i g a n b i r i k m a l a r . B o ` l a r a s o s a n uglevodorodlardan tashkil topgan bo ‟ladi va ul arni ye ngil mo y d e y i l a d i . 2 . 1 7 0 - 2 3 0 0 C g a c h a q a y n a y d i g a n b o ‟ l a k ( o ‟ r t a c h a m o y ) – a s o s a n f e n o l v a u n i n g g a m o l o g l a r i d a n t a s h k i l t o p g a n . 3 . 2 3 0 - 2 7 0 0 C o r a s i d a q a y n a y d i g a n m o y ( o g ‟ i r m o y ) – a s o s a n n a f t a l i n v a u n i n g g a m o l o g l a r i d a n t a s h k i l t o p g a n . 4 . 2 7 0 - 3 4 0 0 C – a n t r a t s e n l i m o y . 5 . Q o l d i q . Bu bo ‟laklarning har birini dastlab ishqor, so ‟ngra kislota bilan ishlab qo ‟shi mchal ardan tozalan adi. Aro matik birik mala rning muhi m ma nb ai bo ‟lib n eft xiz mat q i l a d i . N e f t t a r k i b i d a 5 0 , h a t t o u n d a n o r t i q a r o m a t i k uglevodorodlar bo ‟lishi mu mkin . Un dan tashqa ri, neft ta rkibida s i k l o a l k a n l a r v a a l k a n l a r n e f t n i q a y t a i s h l a s h v a q t i d a a r o m a t i k u g l e v o d o r o d l a r g a o s o n a y l a n a d i l a r . T u z i l i s h i , i z o m e r i y a s i v a n o m l a n i s h i . A r o m a t i k u g l e v o d o r o d l a r C n H 2 n - 6 , b u y e r d a n 6 , u mu m i y f o r m u l a b i l a n i f o d a l a n a d i . A r o m a t i k u g l e v o d o r o d l a r n i n g g o m o l o g i k q a t o r i b e n z o l ( b e n z e n ) d a n b o s h l a n a d i . B e n z o l n i n g t u z i l i s h i . B e n z o l n i X I X a s r n i n g b o s h l a r i d a F a r a d e y y o r i t u v c h i g a z t a r k i b i d a b o r l i g i n i a n i q l a g a n . B e n z o l n i n g ta rkibi aniqlangandan so ‟ng u u chun turli tuzilish formulal ari t a k l i f e t i l g a n . K e k u l e ( I ) , K l a u s ( I I ) , L a d e n b u r g ( I I I ) , D yu r a r ( I V ) , A r m s t r o n g - B a y e r ( V ) , T i l e ( V I ) b e n z o l m o l e k u l a s i u c h u n t u r l i c h a t u z i l i s h f o r m u l a l a r i n i t a k l i f e t g a n l a r . |
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