Overweight and Obesity in the Eastern Mediterranean Region
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- High Prevalence of the Risk of Overweight and Overweight among Qatari Children Ages 9 Through 11
- Abstract PURPOSE
- Prevalence of Diagnosed and Undiagnosed Diabetes Mellitus and Its Risk Factors in a Population-Based Study of Qatar.
- Abstract OBJECTIVE
- DESIGN
- Abstract INTRODUCTION
- CONCLUSION
- Prevalence of Overweight, Obesity, and Associated Psychological Problems in Qataris Female Population.
- Prevalence of Obesity, Overweight, and Underweight in Qatari Adolescents.
- Abstract BACKGROUND
- Abstract AIM
RESULTS: There was a relatively high prevalence of overweight and obesity. There were no significant differences between obese and non-obese children in relation to physical activity or sedentary activity levels or dietary patterns, except for higher reported consumption of sweetened beverages by the obese children compared to non-obese children. Participants were aware of the complexity and variety of causes of obesity and identified two important causal influences resulting from rapid societal change and affluence since oil production in the country. In term of interventions, the school setting was usually prioritized and the influence of teachers in intervention delivery emphasized: “children learn from school more than they learn from their mothers”. The importance of education for parents, particularly the mothers was also a consistent theme. CONCLUSION: This is the first study in the state of Qatar that has examined the risk factors for childhood obesity and used qualitative methodology to inform future obesity prevention intervention development. The focus group data provided important contextual information validated some findings from the cross sectional study and informs the development of future obesity prevention interventions appropriate to the local setting.
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J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2010 May;63(5):820-5. Epub 2009 Apr 1. Abdominoplasty In Obese and in Morbidly Obese Patients. Murshid M, Khalid KN, Shakir A, Bener A. Plastic & hand surgery unit, HMC Rumaila Hospital, Doha, Qatar. murshidmohd@hotmail.com Abstract This study aims to determine if morbid obesity increases morbidity in abdominoplasty. Upon examining 200 pa ents, 100 morbidly obese and 100 overweight and obese, it was found that there is no difference in the complication rate between the two categories. It was also found that, when compared to global rates of complication, there is no difference in the rate of complication of dermolipectomy as a whole in non-obese patients. However, co-morbid diseases are more correlated to complication. This article concludes with a remark that although morbid obesity should not preclude abdominoplasty, patients benefit from the operation even when it is performed as a functional operation and not as a cosmetic procedure.
Nutrition & Food Science, 2009;39(1):36 – 45 High Prevalence of the Risk of Overweight and Overweight among Qatari Children Ages 9 Through 11 Abdelhamid Kerkadi, (Department of Health Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar), Abdelmonem S. Hassan, (Department of Health Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar), Adil Eltayeb M. Yousef, (Department of Maths and Physics, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar) The authors are extremely grateful to schools administration and children who took part in the study. The authors would like to thank students who participated in data collection and data entry. Abstract PURPOSE: The purpose of this paper is to estimate the prevalence of the risk of overweight and overweight in Qatari children ages 9 through 11 and to compare the prevalence using CDC and IOTF cut-offs.
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DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: A cross-sectional study in a randomly selected sample of 1,213 Qatari children was carried out. Weight and height were measured and BMI was calculated for all children. The risk of overweight and overweight were defined using as references both the CDC BMI percentiles for age and gender and IOTF cut-off values.
were significant (p<0.0001). According to the CDC and IOTF references, the overall prevalence of the risk of overweight affected 15.8 and 21.1 per cent respec vely, while overweight was prevalent in 21.8 and 17.7 per cent respectively. Using either reference, the prevalence of the risk of overweight was higher among girls compared with boys (22.4 per cent, 19.4 per cent respectively), while overweight was higher among boys than among girls (20.6 per cent, 15.5 per cent respec vely) but the differences were not statistically significant for both.
which represents a transition period between childhood and adolescence. Studying overweight in childhood is important since identification of children who may become obese adults can facilitate early intervention and avoidance of the morbidity and mortality associated with adult obesity. Limited studies on the prevalence of overweight have been conducted in Qatar.
Prevalence of Diagnosed and Undiagnosed Diabetes Mellitus and Its Risk Factors in a Population-Based Study of Qatar. Bener A, Zirie M, Janahi IM, Al-Hamaq AO, Musallam M, Wareham NJ. Dept. of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar. abener@hmc.org.qa Abstract OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes, pre-diabetes and to identify the associated risk factors in the sample of adult Qatari population.
health care centers. 469
SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The survey was conducted from January 2007 to July 2008 among Qatari na onals above 20 years of age. Of the 1434 subjects who were approached to par cipate in the study, 1117 (77.9%) gave their consent. Face to face interviews were conducted using a structured questionnaire followed by laboratory tests. DM was defined according to the WHO expert group. Pre diabetes status was based on the presence of impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance.
popula on was high (16.7%) with diagnosed DM (10.7%) and newly diagnosed DM (5.9%). The impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) was diagnosed in 12.5%, while impaired fas ng glucose was in 1.3% with a total of (13.8%). The propor on of DM was higher in Qatari women (53.2%) than in Qatari men (46.8%) and it peaked in the age group 40-49 years (31.2%). The age- specific prevalence of total DM and IGT increased with age. Risk factors were significantly higher in diabetic adult Qatari population: central obesity (p<0.001), hypertension (p<0.001), triglyceride (p<0.001), HDL (p=0.003), metabolic syndrome (p<0.001), heart diseases (p<0.001). Smoking habits and family history of DM were the major contributors for diabetes disease. The central obesity was associated with higher prevalence of DM and IFG among Qatari men and women.
of diabetes mellitus in the adult Qatari population. High proportion of pre- diabetes in Qatari adults will increase the prevalence of DM in the next few years. Smoking habits and family history of DM were the major contributors for DM. Early diagnosis of DM is of major importance to reduce the risk of these diabetes-related conditions.
Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2007 Feb;58(1):1-5. Anthropometric Measurements and Dietary Habits of Schoolchildren In Qatar. Qotba H, Al-Isa AN. Nutrition Unit, Preventive Medicine Department, MOH, Qatar.
measurements and dietary habits of children in the Arabian Gulf in general, and in Qatar in particular.
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OBJECTIVES: To
conduct anthropometrics measurements on
schoolchildren in Qatar and to explore their dietary habits. METHODS: A cross-sec onal study was carried out, targe ng 271 (124 male and 147 female) primary school students. RESULTS: Using the body mass index as the index of adiposity, 54.8% and 23.1% of Grade One male and female children were underweight, 3.2% and 8.8% were overweight, and 1.6% and 5.4% were obese, respec vely. Breakfast, lunch, and dinner were eaten by 65%, 86%, and 87% on a daily basis. Anthropometric measurements differed significantly (P < 0.05) between genders and the other children of the National Center for Health Statistics population.
overweight and obesity occurrence than most children in the Gulf.
Med Princ Pract. 2006;15(6):449-52. Obesity: A Risk Factor for Acute Myocardial Infarction with Angiographically Patent Epicardial Coronary Vessels in an Adolescent. El-Menyar AA, Gomaa MM, Arafa SE. Department of Cardiology, Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar. aymanco65@yahoo.com Abstract OBJECTIVE: Toreport a causal relationship between myocardial infarction (MI) and obesity in an adolescent in the absence of the well-known risk factors for MI.
male, a nonsmoker, nondiabetic and normotensive patient, who sustained acute inferior MI with no family history of coronary artery disease, presented with central chest pain. ECG showed low voltage, normal sinus rhythm and ST segment elevation in the inferior leads; cardiac enzymes were elevated. Screening for ethanol and cocaine were negative. He was admitted to the coronary-care unit as a case of inferior MI with late presentation. Cardiac catheterization revealed patent epicardial coronary arteries; short- and long-term plans for weight reduction and family counseling were started. The hospital stay was uneventful, and the patient was discharged home on the fourth day.
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CONCLUSION: Based on clinical and laboratory findings, we assume that the MI might partly be secondary to coronary artery spasm or invisible premature atherosclerotic plaques. Public education and awareness for this complication in a young obese patient are warranted.
Obes Rev. 2006 May;7(2):139-45. Prevalence of Overweight, Obesity, and Associated Psychological Problems in Qatari's Female Population. Bener A, Tewfik I. Department of Medical Statistics & Epidemiology, Hamad General Hospital and Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, State of Qatar. abener@hmc.org.qa Abstract Dissatisfaction with body weight and the use of unhealthy weight reduction practices have been reported among adolescents. It is important to conduct rigorous studies using large representative samples of female adolescents to assess accurately the frequency of dieting, overweight and eating disorders and accompanying attitudes. The aim of the present study was to examine the severity of dieting and its association with obesity, body satisfaction and psychological problems in female adolescents. A representa ve sample of 800 girls aged 14-19 years were approached during the period of October to December 2004, and 566 girls gave consent and par cipated in the study, thus giving a response rate of 70.8%. Self- reports were obtained from 566 teenage girls using the Adolescent Dieting Scale and the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) for psychopathology. Subjects were classified into three categories: acceptable weight (BMI < 25 kg m(-2)); overweight (BMI 25-29.9 kg m(-2)); and obese (BMI > 30 kg m(- 2)). The prevalence of overweight and obesity for female adolescents were 13.4% vs. 1.8%; 39.9% were intermediate dieters, and 8.3% were extreme dieters. Dieting was not associated with age but was significantly associated with body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.045). Extreme dieting was strongly associated with peer percep on of respondent's figure (P < 0.001) and self- percep on of figure (P = 0.016). Addi onally, in adult Qatari popula on overweight and obesity for males were (34.4% vs. 34.6%) and for females were (33.0% vs. 45.3%). This is significantly higher than adolescent girls. (P < 0.01). The SRQ score was significantly highest in the extreme dieters group (P = 0.005). The extreme dieters get most of their educa on about die ng from school (14.0%) and TV (43.6%). The present study revealed strong evidence for the association between frequent dieting and overweight,
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body image dissatisfaction and psychological problems among adolescent females.
Food Nutr Bull. 2006 Mar;27(1):39-45. Prevalence of Obesity, Overweight, and Underweight in Qatari Adolescents. Bener A. Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, State of Qatar. abener@hmc.org.qa
proportions in Arabian oil-rich countries and are threatening to become a global epidemic. Excess weight has a great impact on the health and quality of life of individuals. However, prevalence of underweight in the developing world has shown a decline during the last decade.
prevalence of underweight, overweight, and obesity, as measured by body- mass index, in a representa ve sample of adolescents aged 12 to 17 years in the State of Qatar. METHODS: Qatari schoolchildren (n = 3,923) from 30 schools in urban and semiurban districts responded to a sociodemographic questionnaire. Body- mass index was calculated and the prevalence of overweight and obesity was determined on the basis of cutoff points of the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) values (above the 85th and 95th percen les, respec vely, for overweight and obesity). Underweight was defined on the basis of CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Preven on) less than 5th percen le of BMI for age. RESULTS: The final sample consisted of 1,968 boys and 1,955 girls. The prevalence of underweight, overweight, and obesity was 8.6%, 28.6%, and 7.9%, respec vely, among adolescent boys and 5.8%, 18.9%, and 4.7% among girls. The prevalence of underweight was highest at 16 years of age among boys (10.5%) and at 17 years among girls (8.9%). The prevalence of obesity was highest at 12 years of age among boys (11.7%) and at 13 years among girls (6.4%). The 95th percen le curve for boys was above the IOTF
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standard curve; the 95th percen le curve for girls was below the IOTF curve.
CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents living in the State of Qatar are at high risk for overweight and obesity. There is a need to establish a national program for the prevention and treatment of obesity and related complications.
Nutri on & Food Science, 31(4):201 – 204 The Effect of Education and Obesity on Attitudes towards Fads Related To Weight Reduction among Arab Women in Qatar Abdulrahman O. Musaiger, (Abdulrahman O. Musaiger is Director of Environmental and Biological Program, Bahrain Center for Studies and Research, Manama – Bahrain.), Nora E. Shahbeek, (Nora E. Shahbeek is with the Hamad Medical Cooperation, Ministry of Health, Doha, Qatar.)
A sample of 535 Arab women in Qatar (an Arab Gulf country) was interviewed to obtain their attitudes towards eight fads related to weight reduction, and the effect of educational level and obesity on these a tudes. In general 20 per cent to 54 per cent of women believed in these fads and 50.6 per cent to 45.1 per cent did not know whether or not these fads are correct. The education level of women has a significant effect on the belief of the attitude statements. Highly educated women were more likely to disagree on the attitudes related to weight reduction than low and middle education women. Obese women were more likely to believe in these fads than overweight and non-obese women. Health education programs should focus on correcting several fads related to weight reduction as a part of any program to prevent and control obesity in the Arab community.
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Croat Med J. 2005 Apr;46(2):302-7. Genetics, Obesity, and Environmental Risk Factors Associated with Type 2 Diabetes. Bener A, Zirie M, Al-Rikabi A. Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Hamad General Hospital and Hamad Medical Corporation, University of Qatar, PO Box 3050, Doha, Qatar. abener@hmc.org.qa
obesity, and environmental risk factors associated with type 2 diabetes, in the adult Qatari population.
and healthy subjects at the Primary Healthcare Clinics (PHCs) and the survey was conducted from February to November 2003. The study included 338 cases (with diabetes) and 338 controls (without diabetes). Face-to-face interviews were based on a questionnaire that included variables such as age, gender, socioeconomic status, parity, income level, cigarette smoking, physical activity, body mass index (BMI), obesity, and lifestyle. Their health status was assessed by medical conditions, family history, physical examination, blood pressure, blood glucose, blood count, lipid profile, cholesterol total, HDL, LDL, and triglycerides analysis. RESULTS: The mean age (in years-/+standard deviation) of cases versus controls was 45.5-/+8.9 vs 42.4-/+8.0, P<0.001. The study revealed that there were statistically significant differences between diabetic and control subjects with respect to body mass index, low educational level, consanguineous marriage, and number of children (P<0.001). The obesity was considerably more frequent among diabetes subjects (P<0.001). Self reported family history (in first degree rela ves) of diabetes (62.1% vs 44.4%, OR=2.06, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.49-2.83) P<0.001) was prominent among diabetic subjects. The diabetes was significantly common among the consanguineous marriages of the first degree relatives compared with the control group (33.1% vs. 24.6%, OR=1.59, 95% CI=1.11- 2.29), P=0.008). Systolic blood pressure (P=0.023) and glucose fas ng (P<0.001) levels were significantly higher in diabetic patients than in control subjects. The logis c regression model showed that smoking (OR=2.42 95% 475
CI=1.66-3.54, P<0.0001); degree of consanguinity (OR=1.38 95% CI=1.13- 1.69, P=0.002), BMI (OR=1.41 95% CI=1.12-1.76), P=0.003), level of educa on (OR=1.23 95% CI=1.04-1.45, P=0.017), number of children (OR=1.34 95% CI=1.02-1.77, P=0.037), and systolic blood pressure (OR=1.01 95% CI=1.00-1.02, P=0.044) were considered as associated risk factors for diabetes. CONCLUSION: The present study revealed that obesity, consanguinity, blood pressure, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides were more prevalent in diabetic patients. The characterization of these factors will contribute to defining more effective and specific strategies to screen for and control diabetes and cardiovascular disease in a developing country.
J Health Popul Nutr. 2005 Sep;23(3):250-8. Growth Patterns of Qatari School Children and Adolescents Aged 6-18 Years. Bener A, Kamal AA. Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, University of Qatar, Doha. abener@hmc.org.qa
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