Overweight and Obesity in the Eastern Mediterranean Region
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- Intraabdominal Pressure after Full Abdominoplasty in Obese Multiparous Patients.
- The Role of Social Factors and Weight Status in Ideal Body-Shape Preferences as Perceived By Arab Women
- Abstract OBJECTIVE
- Visceral Obesity and Inflammation Markers in Relation to Serum Prostate Volume Biomarkers among Apparently Healthy Men.
- Abstract BACKGROUND
- Abstract BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
- INTRODUCTION
Abstract The study was conducted to analyze the patterns of growth in height and weight and the prevalence of over-weight among Qatari school children aged 6-18 years. Weights and heights of a cross-sectional sample of Qatari school children were measured. These children were selected randomly, in equal proportions of age and gender, from different schools from urban and semi-urban districts. Appropriate statistical procedures were performed to produce smooth percentile curves for boys and girls using a two-stage approach. Initial curve smoothing for selected major percentiles was accomplished by various paramet-ric and non-parametric procedures. In the second stage, a normalization procedure was used for creating z- scores that closely matched the smooth percentile curves. The height and weight results were compared with the international reference values of National Center for Health Statistics/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (NCHS/CDC). The prevalence of over-weight was calculated using the new Interna onal Obesity Task Force (IOTF) reference. Of 7442 Qatari children studied, 50.3% were male and 49.7%' female. The mean values for height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) increased with the 476
age for both boys and girls un l the age of 18 years, except BMI, which stabilized at the age of 16-18 years at around 22.6 for boys and at 21.6 for girls. The growth patterns of the Qatari children, aged 6-18 years, appeared to be comparable with those of the NCHS/CDC reference. The weight-for- age centile curves of the Qatari boys tended to be superior to those of the NCHS/CDC reference un l the age of 15 years, less so those of the Qatari girls. In contrast, the height-for-age centile curves of the Qatari children tended to deviate in a negative sense from the NCHS/CDC reference curves, for boys and girls from age around 11 years and 13 years respec vely. The deviation of the smoothed median height-for-age curves from the reference in adolescence could most likely be attributed to a later maturation among the Qatari children. The prevalence of under-weight, over-weight, and obesity for the Qatari children was quite below the CDC and IOTF rates, except for girls aged 6-9 years. More males than females were over-weight or obese according to either the local, the CDC, or the IOTF reference, and the prevalence increased with age. A good percentage of the Qatari children was at risk of being over-weight, which needs more attention because the development of obesity results in different types of diseases associated with changes in body composition.
Plast Reconstr Surg. 2004 Jun;113(7):2145-50; discussion 2151-5. Intraabdominal Pressure after Full Abdominoplasty in Obese Multiparous Patients. Al-Basti HB, El-Khatib HA, Taha A, Sattar HA, Bener A. Department of Plastic Surgery, Hamad General Hospital and Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar. halbasti@qatar.net.qa Abstract This study measured intraabdominal pressure in morbidly obese and multiparous patients who underwent abdominoplasty with
musculoaponeurotic plication. The purpose of this study was to evaluate any potential adverse effect on pulmonary function by virtue of pulmonary function tests and measurement of peak airway pressure. The study included 43 mul parous, morbidly obese women (mean body mass index, 35.8 kg/m2) with a mean age (+/- SD) of 38.6 +/- 7 years. All had full abdominoplasty and repair of the musculoaponeurotic system during the period from June of 1999 to May of 2002. Forty-three morbidly obese mul parous pa ents were seen over a period of 24 months. Their intraabdominal pressure was estimated by measuring the intravesical
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pressure before and after repair of severe diastases (divarication) of the rectus abdominis muscles with severely flaccid myofascial component before using a hydrometer connected to a Foley catheter both before and after repair. All patients had pulmonary function checked before and 2 months after the repair. The study confirmed that there are minimal changes on the intraabdominal pressure parameters compared with measurement before and after full abdominoplasty with plication of the rectus muscles, with minimal to negligible changes in the intrathoracic pressure. These changes are clinically and statistically significant (p < 0.0001). The study also recommended the safety of full abdominoplasty and repair of the musculoaponeurotic system in multiparous and morbidly obese patients. Furthermore, no statistically significant difference was found in pulmonary function parameters before and after surgery in patients with a history of bronchial asthma.
Journal of Biosocial Science (2004), 36: 699-707 The Role of Social Factors and Weight Status in Ideal Body-Shape Preferences as Perceived By Arab Women ABDULRAHMAN O. MUSAIGER a1 , NORA E. SHAHBEEK a2 and MARYAMA AL-MANNAI a3
a1 Directorate of Nutritional Studies, Bahrain Centre for Studies & Research, Manama, Bahrain a2 Hamad Medical Corporation, Ministry of Health, Doha, Qatar a3 College of Science, Bahrain University, Bahrain Abstract This study investigated the social factors associated with body-shape preferences for females and males as perceived by Arab women living in Qatar, and correlated the current weight status of women studied with these preferences. The subjects were 535 non-pregnant Arab women aged 20–67 years, who attended heath centres in Doha City, the capital of the State of Qatar. Illustrations of male and female body shapes ranging from very thin to very obese using the 9-figure Silhouettes scale were shown to women, and they were asked to select their preferred figure. Body mass index (BMI) was used to determine the weight status of women studied. Age, educational level and employment status were found to be significantly associated with ideal body-shape preference for both males and females, whereas marital status and current weight status had no
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significant association. In general, the Arab women studied selected a more mid-range of body fatness for males than for females. It is concluded that attention should be given to sociocultural factors, such as body-shape preferences, in any programmes to promote ideal body weight for the public.
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SAUDI ARABIA General Medicine 2011;2(5):Wmc001927 Prospective Incidence Study of Diabetes Mellitus in Morbidly Obese Saudi Patients Dr. Adel A Al-johari. Corresponding Author Dr. Adel A Al-johari. Consultant General and Laparoscopic Surgeon. King abdul Azez University.Jeddah .K S A., P O BOX80215. Jeddah 21589. K S A. - Saudi Arabia 00 Submitting Author Dr. Christine N Grace
obesity and diabetes mellitus in a sample of morbidly obese Saudi patients. DESIGN: 201 morbidly obese pa ents undergoing surgery for obesity were preoperatively assessed. Assessment included complete blood picture, liver enzymes, lipid profile, blood sugar and hormones. Blood pressure was measured and liver ultrasound was done. RESULTS: 198 pa ents were enrolled in the study, from which 46 persons (23.23%) were diabe cs and 22 (11.11%) were hypertensive. The body mass index (BMI) of both diabetic and non diabetic groups was of significance (p- value = 0.108). Obesity has proven to appear more in childhood 141 (71.21%), followed by in adults 30 (15.15%) and then at the age of puberty 17 ( 8.58%). There was a high significance (p-value = 0.005) in morbidly obese hypertensive patients having diabetes than in morbidly obese patients with normal blood pressure and do not suffer from diabetes. CONCLUSION: Obesity is becoming a major health problem as it is considered a risk factor in metabolic diseases. It is also becoming more popular in children increasing the incidence of its morbidity disorders due to the longer exposure. Abdominal obesity is a recognized risk factor for both type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease resulted in the metabolic consequences of obesity, such as insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance. In summary, fatty liver is relatively common in overweight and obese volunteers with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and is an aspect of body composition related to severity of insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and inflammatory markers.
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Eur J Clin Invest. 2011 Sep;41(9):987-94. doi: 10.1111/j.1365- 2362.2011.02496.x. Epub 2011 Mar 7. Visceral Obesity and Inflammation Markers in Relation to Serum Prostate Volume Biomarkers among Apparently Healthy Men. Alokail MS, Al-Daghri NM, Al-Attas OS, Alkharfy KM, Sabico SB, Ullrich A. Department of Biochemistry, College of Science Department of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Abteilung Molekularbiologie, Max-Planck-Institut fur Biochemie, Martinsried, Germany.
Eur J Clin Invest 2011; 41 (9): 987-994 ABSTRACT: Background Prostate disease incidence is expected to rise among developing nations secondary to increased prevalence of obesity and the elderly. Although many case- control studies have associated obesity to prostate cancer aggressiveness, few have correlated markers of prostate pathology to biomarkers of visceral obesity and insulin resistance, using an apparently healthy cohort. This study aims to fill this gap. Materials and methods The 219 consen ng adult Arab men, aged 30-70 years, were included in this cross-sectional study. Demographics were noted and anthropometrics measured. Fasting blood samples were extracted, and glycaemic and lipid profile were determined using routine laboratory methods. Serum adipocytokines and inflammatory markers were measured using multiplex assays. Total prostate-specific antigen (tPSA), free PSA (fPSA), parathyroid-related protein (PTHrP) and endoglin were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results Serum triglycerides and waist-hip ratio (WHR) were significantly and positively associated with circulating (tPSA) levels in all subjects (P < 0·01). Systolic blood pressure (SBP), adiponectin, active plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (aPAI-1) and insulin- like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) had significant inverse associa ons to tPSA. Stepwise linear regression revealed that adiponectin, IGF-1, WHR and PTHrP explained 30% of variance in tPSA levels (P < 0·0001), while SBP, resis n and BMI explained 18·7% of variance in endoglin (P = 0·001). Conclusions The associations of adiponectin and WHR strengthen the link between insulin resistance and visceral adiposity to prostate volume markers among apparently healthy Arab men. Follow-up studies are needed to extend these preliminary findings so that early interventions can be provided to those at increased risk.
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Saudi Med J. 2011 Jun;32(6):621-7. Unhealthy Nutritional Habits in University Students are a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Diseases. Abdel-Megeid FY, Abdelkarem HM, El-Fetouh AM. Food Science & Nutrition Department, Food Science & Agriculture College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Abstract OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between the nutritional habits of university students with health parameters related to cardiovascular risk. METHODS: Three hundred and twelve students (180 females and 132 males; mean age 21.1 +/- 2.8 years) a ending King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA were randomly selected from the university register and invited to par cipate in the study during 2008-2009. Students who consented to participate completed a self-reported questionnaire including: nutritional screen, health habits, and lifestyle practice. Daily food consumption was recorded, and nutritional analysis was performed. Blood pressure (BP) was also measured. RESULTS: A quarter of students was found to be overweight (21%) or obese (6.5%). The percentage of overweight and obese male students was 23% and 7% compared with female students who were 19% overweight and 6% obese. There was a positive correlation between fat consumption and BMI as well as BP in both genders, between economical status and BMI (p=0.05), and between salty food and BP (p=0.05). There was a nega ve correla on between consumption of fiber, grains, vegetables, fruits, beans, and BMI as well as BP in both genders (p=0.05). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that lifestyle modification is important especially in young age groups. The preventive interventions should focus not only on obesity, but also on related diseases. There is a need for strategies and coordinated efforts to reduce the tendency of overweight and obesity among college students.
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BMC Med. 2011 Jun 20;9:76. Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 and Other Chronic Non- Communicable Diseases in the Central Region, Saudi Arabia (Riyadh Cohort 2): A Decade of an Epidemic. Al-Daghri NM, Al-Attas OS, Alokail MS, Alkharfy KM, Yousef M, Sabico SL, Chrousos GP. Biomarkers Research Program, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. ndaghri@ksu.edu.sa. Abstract BACKGROUND: Follow-up epidemiologic studies are needed to assess trends and patterns of disease spread. No follow-up epidemiologic study has been done in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to assess the current prevalence of major chronic, noncommunicable diseases, specifically in the urban region, where modifiable risk factors remain rampant. This study aims to fill this gap. METHODS: A total of 9,149 adult Saudis ages seven to eighty years (5,357 males (58.6%) and 3,792 females (41.4%)) were randomly selected from the Riyadh Cohort Study for inclusion. Diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DMT2) and obesity were based on the World Health Organiza on definitions. Diagnoses of hypertension and coronary artery disease (CAD) were based on the Seventh Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure and American Heart Association criteria, respectively. RESULTS: The overall crude prevalence of DMT2 was 23.1% (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 20.47 to 22.15). The age-adjusted prevalence of DMT2 was 31.6%. DMT2 prevalence was significantly higher in males, with an overall age-adjusted prevalence of 34.7% (95% CI 32.6 to 35.4), than in females, who had an overall age-adjusted prevalence of 28.6% (95% CI 26.7 to 29.3) (P < 0.001). The overall crude prevalence of obesity was 31.1% (95% CI 30.1 to 32.0). The age-adjusted prevalence of obesity was 40.0%. The prevalence of obesity was higher in females, with an overall prevalence of 36.5% (95% CI 35.1 to 37.83), than in males (25.1% (95% CI 23.7 to 26.3)) (P < 0.001). The age-adjusted prevalence of hypertension and 483
CAD were 32.6% (95% CI 31.7 to 33.6) and 6.9% (95% CI 6.4 to 7.4), respectively. CONCLUSION: Comparisons of our findings with earlier data show that the prevalence of DMT2, hypertension and CAD in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, has alarmingly worsened. Aggressive promotion of public awareness, continued screening and early intervention are pivotal to boosting a positive response.
J Family Community Med. 2011 May;18(2):49-53. Was there a Change in The Body Mass Index of Saudi Adolescent Girls in Al-Khobar Between 1997 And 2007? Abahussain NA. School Health Services, Ministry of Education, Eastern Province, Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia. Abstract BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Special concern is focused on the nutritional status of adolescent girls in order to avoid future health problems. The aim of this study was to determine the change in body mass index (BMI) among adolescent Saudi girls living in Al-Khobar between 1997 and 2007.
girls, 15-19-years-old, living in Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia, was analyzed through two data sets. The first data set (n = 400) was collected in 1997 and the second (n = 321) was collected in 2007. Both data sets used the same sampling method. Anthropometric measurements were made and the BMI was used to determine participants' nutritional status. Statistical analysis was performed.
girls from 1997 to 2007, but the change was not sta s cally significant. There was a statistically significant change, however, in adolescent girls' height during the 10-year interval. Using BMI to determine the nutritional status of the sample, no statistically significant difference was found. Overweight and obesity remain prevalent in about 30% of the adolescent girls, and about 3.5% of the girls in both sets were underweight. CONCLUSIONS: This study concluded that there was no change in BMI among Saudi adolescent girls living in Al-Khobar during the 10-year span. Underweight is of low prevalence, and overweight and obesity are the
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critical nutritional problems that are faced by this population. Further research using time span comparisons is important to assess changes in maladaptive overweight and obesity.
Osteoporos Int. 2011 Feb;22(2):463-75. Epub 2010 Apr 30. Vitamin D Status In Relation To Obesity, Bone Mineral Density, Bone Turnover Markers And Vitamin D Receptor Genotypes In Healthy Saudi Pre- And Postmenopausal Women. Ardawi MS, Qari MH, Rouzi AA, Maimani AA, Raddadi RM. Center of Excellence for Osteoporosis Research, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box No. 20724, Jeddah, 21465, Saudi Arabia. ardawims@yahoo.com Abstract The various factors that may contribute to vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency were examined among healthy Saudi pre- and postmenopausal women. Vitamin D deficiency was highly prevalent among studied Saudi women with obesity, poor sunlight exposure, poor dietary vitamin D supplementation and age as the main risk factors. INTRODUCTION: The various factors that may contribute to vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency in relation to bone health among Saudi women are not known. The main objectives of the present study were to determine the factors influencing vitamin D status in rela on to serum 25- hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), intact parathyroid hormone (PTH), bone turnover markers (BTMs), bone mineral density (BMD), and vitamin D receptor genotype (VDR) in healthy Saudi pre- and postmenopausal women.
METHODS: A total number of 1,172 healthy Saudi women living in the Jeddah area were randomly selected and studied. Anthropometric parameters, socioeconomic status, sun exposure index together with serum levels of 25(OH)D, calcitriol, intact PTH, Ca, PO4, Mg, crea nine, albumin, and biochemical BTMs were measured. BMD was measured by a dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and VDR genotypes were also determined. RESULTS: About 80.0% of Saudi women studied exhibited vitamin D deficiency (serum 25(OH)D<50.0 nmol/L) with only 11.8% of all women were considered with adequate vitamin D status (serum 25(OH)D>75 nmol/L). Secondary hyperparathyroidism was evident in 18.5% and 24.6% |
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