O’zbekiston respublikasi ichki ishlar vazirligi akademiya m. A. Rustamov ingliz tili darslik
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M.A.Rustamov Ingliz tili 2010
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Plural of Nouns
pen(s), class(es), man (men) The plural of a noun is usually –s / –es : singular (= one) and plural (= two or more) a pencil – two pencils a book – four books this shop – these shops a victim – five victims that student – those students a desk – seven desks a car – three cars a table – two tables a boy – five boys a year – ten years an hour – three hours an egg – seven eggs a box – six boxes a week – two weeks a flower – some flowers a nice place – many nice places an old friend – two old friends a question – some questions a red car – three red cars a criminal – two criminals an investigator – some investigators an officer – nine officers a picture – four pictures a bird – some birds a kitten – three kittens a witness – two witnesses Spelling -s / -sh / -ch / -x -es also -o bus–buses dish–dishes church–churches box–boxes potato–potatoes -y -ies but -ay / -ey / -oy -ys city–cities baby–babies party–parties day–days key–keys boy–boys -f / -fe -ves shelf–shelves wife–wives life–lives These things are plural in English: tights (a pair of tights) scissors [′sizəz] (a pair of scissors) glasses [′gla:siz] (a pair of glasses) trousers (a pair of trousers) jeans (a pair of jeans) shorts (a pair of shorts) pyjamas [pi′dзa:məz] (a pair of pyjamas) - 34 - Some plurals do not end in -s: a man – men a woman – women a child – children a foot – feet a tooth – teeth a sheep – sheep a fish – fish a kind man – three tall men an old woman – some young women a good child – four nice children one foot – two feet one tooth – all his teeth a fat sheep – ten sheep a little fish – a lot of fish a person – two people / some people / a lot of people • She is a nice person. but They are nice people (not “nice persons”). People is plural (=they): • A lot of people speak English. (not “speaks”) • I like the people here. They are very friendly. Police is plural: • The police are at the crime scene. This – these / that – those this – these: this boy – these boys (the object is close to the speaker). that – those: that man – those men (the object is not close to the speaker). • This is a map and that is a notebook. • This is a judge and that is a criminal. • This is a teacher and those are students. • These are children and that is a man. • Those are women and these are men. • That is an investigator and this is a witness. - 35 - • This is Mike, those are his friends. Questions Responses This is a bag, isn't it? That is a tape, isn't it? These are scissors, aren't they? Those are tourists, aren't they? Yes, it is. Yes, it is a tape. That’s right. Yes, they are. No, it is not. It’s a book. No, they aren't. EXERCISES 2.8. Rewrite the following in the plural, if possible. 1. a judge – judges . 8. a ministry – ...................... 2. a city – ............................. 9. a child – .......................... 3. a student – ....................... 10. a man – .......................... 4. an address – ..................... 11. a holiday – ..................... 5. a knife – ........................... 12. a family – ...................... 6. an Academy – .................. 13. a shelf – ......................... 7. a potato – ......................... 14. a boy – ........................... 2.9. Rewrite the following in the singular, if possible. Norms, flies, flats, mice, courts, streets, men, cities, scissors, judges, teeth, jeans, oxen, cases, feet, news, knives, boxes, children, photos. 2.10. Rewrite the following in the plural: 1. this crime – these crimes. 7. an old friend – ................ 2. that investigator – .............. 8. his little child –.................... 3. this bad criminal – ............. 9. her tooth – ............................ 4. that good student – ............ 10. your question – .................. 5. my teacher – ...................... 11. a big city – .......................... 6. a tall man – ........................ 12. a pretty woman – ............... 2.11. Translate into Uzbek or Russian. 1. This hotel is expensive but it’s very nice. 2. Which shoes do you like most? These or those? - 36 - 3. “I'm sorry I'm late”. “That's all right”. 4. “You are a student, aren't you?” “Yes that's right”. 5. “I can't come to the party tomorrow.” “Oh, that's a pity. Why not?” 6. “Mark, this is my sister, Ann.” “Hello, Ann.” I do / he does (the present simple tense) positive negative I We You They work read do study I We You They do not (don’t) watch work read do He She It lives watches takes He She It does not (doesn’t) live study take • I study at the Academy of the Ministry of Internal affairs. • My brother works at a bank. But my sister does not work. • Linda lives in London. Her parents live in Scotland. • It takes you 10 minutes to get to the Academy. Don't hurry. Spelling: -es after -s / -sh / -ch: -y – -ies: also: pass – passes, finish – finishes, watch – watches; study – studies, try – tries; do – does, go – goes • Tim finishes his work at 7 o'clock. • My sister studies law. • My car doesn't use much petrol. • Bill does his job very well. • The Earth goes round the Sun. - 37 - question short answers Do I we you they work? like? do? read? Yes, I / we / you / they he / she / it do. does. Does he she it drive? watch? live? No, I / we / you / they he / she / it don’t. doesn’t. • “Do you work in the evening?” “Yes, I do.” • “Do your brothers speak English?” “No, they don't”. • “Does Chris drive a car?” “Yes, he does”. • “Where do your friends live?” “In Samarkand.” • “What does this word mean?” “I don't know.” • “How much does it cost?” “Five dollars.” Always / never / often / sometimes / usually + simple present: • Sue always arrives at work early. (not “Sue arrives always”) • I usually go to the Academy by bus but sometimes I walk. • Tim never watches television. He usually listens to the radio. • We often see him near the bank. • Do you always have time to play tennis? • Does your brother often go to the library? • What do you usually do at weekends? Word order Positive and negative: subject + predicate Now My friend We The student You The boy He I – don’t – don’t – doesn’t – studies work reads work reads work play at the Academy at the Ministry at the library at a school at the library in the evening football now. - 38 - Questions: do / does + subject + predicate Where What How much Do Do Does do does does you your parents Alisher your friends this word it study work use study? mean? cost in the evening? at university? a revolver? to fly to London? Questions with always / often / usually: What Where Why Do Does do does do you Pete you he you always often usually usually always have visit do go forget breakfast? his parents? in the evening? on his holidays? your promise? EXERCISES 2.12. Write these verbs + -s or -es. 1. (write) she writes . 2. (live) he ...................... 3. (finish) it ..................... 4. (wear) he .................... 5. (read) she ......................... 6. (go) he ............................. 7. (identify) he ...................... 8. (teach) Sue ......................... 2.13. Complete the sentences. Use the verbs: go, work, detect, play, investigate, teach. 1. They live in a very big house. 2. Every day we ........................... tennis. 3. The operative worker ............................. a criminal. 4. He ............................ a crime scene. 5. I ............................. at the Academy of the MIA. 6. We often .................................... to the library. 7. My mother ...................................... German. - 39 - 2.14. Put the verb in the correct form, positive or negative. 1. My friend (to speak) three languages. My friend speaks three languages. 2. An investigator usually (to solve) crimes. .................................. 3. Our work is very difficult. We (to like) it. ................................... 4. Kadyrov is a professor. He (to teach) History of Uzbekistan. .... 5. They (to work) at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. ..................... 6. You always (to make) reports. ..................................................... 7. Food is expensive. It (to cost) a lot of money. ............................. 8. Shoes are expensive. They (to cost) a lot of money. ................... 9. The shops usually (to open) at 9 o'clock. ............................... 10. The museum (to close) at 5 o'clock in the evening. ................... 2.15. Make up sentences from the following words. Put the verb in the right form. 1. Football / I / play / often I often play football. 2. He / by / car / usually / go / to work He … ................................... 3. Sometimes / photograph / we / the city We …. ............................ 4. Malika / eat / breakfast / never ................................................... 5. They / get / up / always / early ..................................................... 6. My / brother / never / watch / TV .................................................. 2.16. Write the negative. 1. I play chess very well. I don't play chess very well. 2. He uses a revolver. He doesn't ............................................... 3. We master Defensive Tactics. ................................................ 4. You find and collect evidence. ................................................. 5. My friend studies Law. .......................................................... 6. I like ice-creme. ........................................................................ 7. They drink tea. ....................................................................... 8. We work hard. ....................................................................... 9. She always gets up at 6 o'clock. ................................................. 10. We study Criminal law. ………………………………………. |
