O’zbekiston respublikasi oliy va o’rta maxsus ta’lim vazirligi buxoro davlat universiteti viloyat to’xsanova

THE ART OF CARPET WEAVING AND JASPER 
The art of making carpets and applying patterns applying patterns is the 
most common and one of the oldest types of crafts in the East, having a 
centuries-old tradition and its history. Manufacture of carpets refers to the 
artistic crafts. Carpet production is closely related to animal husbandry. It is 
known from history that nomadic peoples and tribes were engaged in animal 
husbandry, and while men were engaged in cattle, women in the meantime were 
engaged in farming, that is, from the wool of cattle made threads and woven 

---

199 
carpets. There is a hypothesis that carpets were invented by nomadic peoples, 
first from animal skins then from wool. However, it is known that carpets 
decorated the house, kept warm and muffled the sound, that is, internal 
conversation did not go beyond the walls of the house. It is known that nomadic 
peoples calculated wealth by the number of cattle and carpets. The art of making 
carpets has always developed, unlike other arts. From archaeological 
excavations and found objects can be found, found carpets in Khorezm belong 
to the I-Millennium BC. In ancient Ussuri, Babylon, Media, Persia, India, 
Mesopotamia, Byzantium, the art of making carpets was highly valued, it was 
there that the first colored and patterned carpets of antiquity appeared. 
From the manuscript sources of the VII century we can learn that the art of 
making carpets was also well developed in Central Asia. So same can be to 
know from source that, V-VII centuries from many cities Central Asia were 
exported of multiple carpets in China. From some written sources it became 
known that VII-Xivb. from the cities of Central Asia as, Khiva, Samarkand and 
Bukhara, as well as Afghanistan exported a huge number of small carpets " Zhoi 
namoz "(zhoi namoz-a special rug designed only for prayer). 
XI-XII centuries. on the territory of Central Asia, in particular Uzbekistan, 
the art of carpet making was developed. In the XIV century, the production of 
carpets in the region fell into decline, the reason for this was the conquest of 
Central Asia by the Mongol conquerors. 
After the coming to power of the Temurid dynasty of Central Asia in the 
XIV century, the production of carpets again developed. During the reign of the 
Temurids in Central Asia brought artisans from all over the world, including 
masters in the manufacture of carpets. Thus, new styles and patterns, ornaments 
and compositions appeared. By the beginning of XVIII-XIX Centuries. The 
production of carpets developed rapidly, particularly in Bukhara and Fergana.
In the early twentieth century, Kokand, Khiva, Samarkand, Bukhara, and 
Andijan were considered the center of carpet trade in Central Asia. Machines 
(machines) for the production of carpets were invented.In Khiva, Andizhan, 
Karshi, Urgut opened a factory for the manufacture of carpets. In Andijan at the 
farm "Machchangolhi" opened courses on the manufacture of carpets. The gang 
was invited by the famous master of the Fergana valley mehriniso Teshaboyev 
of the village Oiim. For the development of the carpet weaving industry, famous 
masters from Turkmenistan were invited to the Republic, who produced many 
students in the manufacture of carpets.Subsequently, these masters of steel 
became the leading specialists of the industry.
The carpet-making school in Uzbekistan mainly developed in two 
directions: Samarkand and Andijan schools. Manufactured carpets in these 
schools differed from other schools in their strength and density, pile thickness 
and color, composition and color. Ferghana and Karakalpak carpets were 
distinguished by richness of red color and abundance of blue color. The 
Samarkand school of carpet weaving art included masters of Bukhara and 
Samarkand cities. Bukhara carpets differ in width and length of carpets, pile 

---

200 
height, color of colors and color saturation, rich composition and density of 
patterns. Samarkand carpets were korotkosherstnye, center, was one big pattern 
in the style of "turunj" (turunj - special pattern oblong image, in the form of an 
ellipse), the edges of the carpet were located patterns in different sizes. Pattern 
of shield "turunj" is used often in the Samarkand carpets. Usually these rugs are 
made aesthetically pleasing, with a richness of patterns. 
Carpet weaving has developed in many countries of the world since 
ancient times. For example Afghanistan, France, Iran, China, India, and other 
countries, the best carpets were made in Dagestan, Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan 
and Armenia. Since ancient times, the carpets of these countries were considered 
the best and the highest quality.
There are the following types of carpets method of manufacture: "Tukima" 
(tukima - knitted), "Tikma" (tikma - sewn) and "bosma" (bosma - wall). Tukima 
(vyazannye) carpets – in such carpets patterns and flowers fit. Pile and low pile 
carpets (Palas) are made in Uzbekistan. Tikma (sewn) carpets – in these carpets, 
patterns and flowers are sewn on top of the finished product. Bosma (wall) 
carpets - here patterns and flowers are applied during manufacture, raw 
materials, that is, flowers and patterns are painted then during manufacture are 
used. In Khiva Kokand, Urgut, Karshi and many other cities are produced 
mainly "Tukima" (knitted) carpets.