O’zbekiston respublikasi oliy va o’rta maxsus ta’lim vazirligi buxoro davlat universiteti viloyat to’xsanova

THE ART OF MAKING DRIED CARPETS (JASPER) 
The art of making wallowed carpets as a kind of folk crafts has been 
developing since ancient times. Where engaged in animal husbandry on the 
territory of our Republic, those regions developed the art of making woven 
carpets. This kind of art is well developed in Central Asia and Kazakhstan. Our 
ancestors laid a woven carpet on the ground floor "Buyro" (Buyro-specially 
made woven reed carpet size 3x2, often such wicker products are used for 
various purposes, for example, as a screen or as a sieve and much more).
Carpets made of Jasper lay not only on the ground, but overlapped the walls and 
the upper part of the Yurt (Yurt-portable folding house of the nomadic peoples 
of Central Asia and Kazakhstan). Not only the walls were covered with woven 
carpets, but such elements as "Kalpok" (kalpok – a special cap on the very top of 
the Yurt, that is, on the top), "Piyma" (piyma - is the entrance part of the Yurt, 
that is, instead of the door hung the product of their Jasper), in some cases, made 
woven carpets with patterns and colorful flowers for decorative design of the 
Yurt. In such carpets, patterns and patterns are mainly dominated by black, red, 
white colors, as well as brown, and the carpets themselves and the background 
of such carpets consist of black, gray and white colors. In Surkhandarya and 
Kashkadarya carpets are made of wool of cattle of black color and they are 
called " Chaidim” (chaidim - one of types of dried carpets of Jasper), in 
Khorezm “Makyanamat” (makyanamat - odtn from grades of Jasper) is made. In 
Uzbekistan, there is a peculiar way of naming Jasper and manufacturing 

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technology. Jasper is made from the wool of sheep and goats. First wool 
ochishaetsya, washed and dried in the sun. Then with the help of special sticks 
well stuffed, it contributes to the dressing of wool, gives a fluffy look and 
airiness. After this treatment, the wool is sorted by color and superimposed on 
tithing, the small pieces are painted with a special paint and thinner and fluffy 
strands videowelt patterns. Nowadays Jasper is made with the help of special 
machines. For example, in industrial enterprises wool is combed on special 
machines. Before coloring the product, a special solution for dyeing wool is 
poured, where after combing the bone is loaded. The combed wool is evenly 
laid out on the machine and pressed. Then it is absorbed by a special solution of 
sulphate acid. The products are processed and cut to the desired size and density. 
In this case, the product is stretched and corrected at the edges. After technical 
processing, the finished products undergo heat treatment, and undergo a steam 
bath, after which they are dried. At the end of the process, the product is once 
again combed and unnecessary flowers and fluffy pile are removed. Sometimes 
in addition to wool use mineral additives and chemical fiber in the manufacture 
of felted products, in particular carpets. Woolen felted products from Jasper are 
widely used in engineering and construction.They are often used in the 
manufacture of musical instruments, prostheses, in aircraft, as shock absorbers 
in the car structure and many other industries. For example, in construction is 
widely used as a material of noise and heat insulation. In the modern world, due 
to the development of technology and technology, the manufacture of woven 
carpets from wool and Jasper by hand is almost forgotten.