O’zbekiston respublikasi oliy va o’rta maxsus ta’lim vazirligi buxoro davlat universiteti viloyat to’xsanova
Download 1.92 Mb. Pdf ko'rish
|
amaliy sanat turlari
PRAKCTICALFOLK ART
Modern applied art develops in two directions: 1. Crafts include jewelry in Bukhara, carpet weaving in Khiva, and ceramics in Rishtan. 2. Folk craft. This is mostly the work of self-employed craftsmen. In the first line, decorative items are produced in large quantities, and the number of individual craftsmen is limited. This leads to their perfection. There are also businesses such as furniture, knitting and embroidery. Products related to the first direction are manufactured in large quantities at the enterprises, and the same products manufactured separately by artisans are made individually, in some cases in a single copy. Such enterprises can also include furniture manufacturing enterprises, blacksmith workshops (here mainly production of knives), enterprises for sewing national ornaments and patterns of Suzane. Suzane is a bedspread or cloth on which a pattern of national ornament is applied and applied to the seam product patterns chestnut (Kashta - from the Persian pattern, ie, the application of patterns on the fabric by drawing on the matter of patterns, a type of hand-embroidery). The art of folk applied decoration exists in almost all the peoples of the world, and they differ from each other in genres, which are also characterized by material, shape, color, pattern, size and methods of manufacturing products. One of the characteristic features of the art of folk applied decoration is that, for a thousand years, the methods used by folk craftsmen have been artistic traditions. An important role here is played by social conditions, nature, environment and weather of the place where one or another people lives. Since each master receives his inspiration from the world and nature around him, he perceives beauty based on the identity of the people and their moral principles. For example: Uzbek folk artists depict a stallion, peacock, lamb, and masters of the northern peoples depict deer. The material for the peoples of the East, in particular, the Uzbek masters is ganch (ganch is one of the varieties of limestone and gypsum), chasing (here we mean copper or bronze chasing with brass), wood, and northern craftsmen use wood and bones of large animals. As mentioned earlier, the coloring of a work of art is also affected by natural and climatic conditions. For example, masters of northern peoples use mostly cold colors, while Uzbek masters use warm shades and colors. Thus, each nation formed folk traditions, the art of folk applied decoration. One of the common types of art in our republic is the art of folk-applied decoration. It can be found in all sectors of the social life of people like - in dishes, on clothes, household goods, national toys and much more. 154 The art of folk-applied decoration serves as a means of decorating the social and living conditions of people, they surround themselves directly everywhere, whether it is a park or the facade of a building, a beautiful repair with a national ornament and color, or an item of decoration serving as an element of decor and beauty. The products of this art are made directly from the demand and supply coming from national consumption and are connected with the content of the use of the product, all this fills the art with quality and content. In the art of applied decoration, phenomena and objects existing in life and nature are reflected, for example; trees and flowers, animals and birds, episodes from life or natural phenomena, etc. However, they do not have a separate meaning, they only become attached to a separate object or product and make up the form and content and serve only to decorate this object or decoration. Objects of applied art are created as a fantasy of a free author, is a product of his idea of beauty and serves as an object of decoration. For example, carved columns and arches of buildings, carved patterns on the facades and internal walls of houses, colored patterns or drawings as a piece of decor, carved gates and doors, and much more. Applied art has been formed since ancient times, and developed in the form of folk art, grew into one of the forms of art, developed over the centuries and turned into an integral part of the life of a person. In the works of applied art of the Uzbek people, most cases can be seen mainly in wide-open flowers, blooming gardens. Since, since ancient times, in conditions without a water desert and a long arid hot climate, the Uzbek people appreciated water and sought to turn the desert into a blossoming paradise. Along with works of art of applied decoration, such as wood carving and pottery of the Uzbek people, fabric items like satin, adras (one of the varieties of silk fabric), snipe (one of the varieties of silk fabric differs only in structure and pattern design) chestnut (Kashta - from Persian drawing, that is drawing patterns on fabric, one of the types of hand embroidery) found their worthy place and respect among the peoples of the world. One of the most common types of applied art is a cashmere or, as colloquially called, a kashtilik (which means the art of hand-embroidered kashta). Products made by hand embroidery with their ornaments resemble, as mentioned above, flowering gardens and wide-open flowers. Therefore, when we carefully examine the products of this type of art, we will be able to see not only widely blooming flowers and blooming gardens, but also birds singing on tree branches, images of animals and people. Central Asia in particular, Uzbekistan is considered one of the oldest cultural centers. The ancient cities of Bukhara and Samarkand are one of the centers of ancient culture. Suzanne made in these cities are distinguished by the color of their colors and variety of shapes, subtlety and elegance of embroidery. Embroidery products made in Shakhrisabz, whether it is a chestnut or a suzan, more closely resemble a carpet in its ornament. Dorpechi (Dorpech - means 155 embroidery products that are hung on the walls and decorate the interior of the house) were mainly hung on the internal walls of the house by pulling special ropes and used the decoration of the interior of the house as a form. The lower Download 1.92 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
Ma'lumotlar bazasi mualliflik huquqi bilan himoyalangan ©fayllar.org 2024
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling