O‘zmu xabarlari вестник нууз acta nuuz

O‘ZBEKISTON MILLIY 
UNIVERSITETI
XABARLARI, 2023, [1/5]
ISSN 2181-7324 
 
FILOLOGIYA 
https://science.nuu.uz/ 
Social sciences 

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O‘zMU xabarlari Вестник НУУз ACTA NUUz
 
FILOLOGIYA 
1/5 2023 
- 313 -
also reflected in the formation and development of language 
culture (Mamatov 2005). 
In general, the following situations can be used to 
define and distinguish language norms: 1) language is a multi-
layered, multi-part device, but it is constantly developing as a 
whole reality and always has the ability to ensure the 
communication process takes place without difficulty; 2) 
language norms are a set of units selected from the 
possibilities available in the language system; 3) the language 
norm is based on a specific language; 4) changes in language 
norms can occur only due to changes in the communicative 
needs of the members of the society speaking this language; 5) 
in the reality of the language, the norm is a dimension that 
differs according to the communication environment and has 
its own characteristics; 6) to distinguish the language norm 
and to understand its features, it is necessary not to forget that 
there are two main types of distinguishing signs: a) according 
to differences in fields (dialect norm, colloquial speech norm, 
literary language norm); b) differentiation according to the 
nature (variant and non-variant norms, necessary and 
facultative norms, etc.). 
Language culture as a sociolinguistic phenomenon has 
a complex character. The concept of "language culture" itself 
reflects, firstly, the dialectical nature of the relationship 
between the language system and communicative activity, and 
secondly, the individual characteristics of social and speech 
activity in the language system. 
The above-mentioned principles of language culture 
can also be considered as components of the general 
characteristics of a person. When studying the status of the 
speaking person's language culture, it is taken into account 
how he adheres to socio-cultural rules. Age, gender, 
education, social origin, social and economic status of a 
person are taken into account when defining these rules. 
In contrast to "language culture", the concept of 
linguistic "communicative culture" is characterized by the 
following features: 1) this concept implies two types of 
linguistic activity, that is, the processes of creating speech and 
understanding it; 2) refers to full speech information (texts on 
a certain topic); 3) the use of information in several languages 
is observed in the text. 
In recent times, the influence of various non-linguistic 
factors on the culture of linguistic communication is 
increasing. These include the complication of social and 
professional relations in society, changes in work activities, 
increased attention to the addressee, enrichment of the stock of 
means of expression. The culture of communication is related 
to the character of the communicators or the inclusion of as 
many elements as possible in the communication situation. 
This, in turn, leads to the linguistic-cultural development of 
the dictionary, which is a mirror of social life. Now it is 
actively developing at the expense of euphemisms in everyday 
life and connotative evaluation units that are widely used in 
the process of political communication. Special expression - 
visual means are divided into tropes and figures. Special 
expression - visual means, imagery in the language, creates 
emotion. By using them, the author affects the intuition of the 
listener. In addition, brevity and accuracy are achieved in the 
statement. For this, certain conditions are necessary: firstly, 
the author must be well-versed in the nature and 
characteristics of the expressive means of speech or writing; 
secondly, one should not blindly, excessively, inappropriately 
refer to figurative means of expression to color the speech. 
That is, it is necessary to understand well the place, time and 
function of their use. Otherwise, the speech culture will be 
broken, the listener or reader may develop a negative attitude 
towards the speech, and through it, the author. 
Transferring the name, sign of something to another 
with the intention of choosing expressiveness, expressiveness 
and accuracy, analogy or using words for this purpose, in a 
general figurative sense, are called tropes. A trope is the 
figurative use of words or phrases in speech. Tropes are taken 
as a basis by comparing two concepts that are close to each 
other in some way. Types of tropes: epithet (adjective) is a 
Greek word meaning explanatory. 
Serving to enhance artistic expressiveness shows the 
stylistic function of epithets. In a stylistic epithet, the author 
evaluates the aspect of the described thing or event that he 
considers necessary from a certain point of view.
Stylistic means are understood as linguistic units used 
to embody the author's intention and create certain stylistic 
effects. In this case, stylistic (rhetorical) devices act as a way 
of actualization. The purpose of this work is to show the 
mechanism of action of some of the most striking and 
significant techniques and figures of speech, which are based 
on the rich potential of linguistic means. 
It is proposed to distinguish between expressions of 
speech means and language means, since evaluation, 
expression, emotion are manifested not in the word, but in the 
process of its live use. Accordingly, linguistic means means a 
sound, a word, a combination of words, a sentence; under 
speech means - the expressive possibilities of language means, 
manifested in speech, - polysemy in context, homonymy in 
context, paronymy in context, etc. 
The work uses examples from the works of authors of 
different literary movements and genres, which made it 
possible to reveal the hidden "mechanisms" and the general 
technology of the action of a particular technique or figure of 
speech in a multifaceted manifestation. In the analysis of 
methods for creating speech expressiveness, the author 
emphasizes the importance of understanding their essence and 
purpose in the works of a particular writer. So, the figurative 
words belonging to the thematic group "color" are considered 
through the prism of the analysis of the novel by M.A. 
Bulgakov's "White Guard", a metaphor that characterizes 
human feelings, is described in the course of the analysis of 
the poetry of M.I. Tsvetaeva. 
In theoretical terms, stylistics as a science and 
academic discipline includes four main complementary areas: 
1) structural stylistics - the doctrine of markings, stylistic 
meanings and systematization of stylistically marked means, 
stylistic potencies of synonyms, antonyms; 2) practical, or 
applied, stylistics - the doctrine of the normative use of 
language means and the elimination of various types of errors 
in oral and written speech; 3) functional stylistics - the 
doctrine of the functioning of language means depending on 
the scope and area of use, involves the study of functional 
styles; 4) the style of artistic speech (or the "language" of 
fiction) - expressive style. 
An important aspect of stylistics is the doctrine of 
tropes (allegory, hyperbole, litotes, meiosis, metaphor, 
metonymy, personification, paraphrase, epithet, etc.) and 
figures (comparison, antithesis, oxymoron, zeugma, gradation, 
anaphora, chiasm, etc.) as about the methods or techniques of 
“decorating speech”.
Expressive 
means 
are 
not 
paradigmatic, 
but 
syntagmatic, as they are. are based on the linear arrangement 
of parts and their effect depends on the arrangement.