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- O‘zMU xabarlari Вестник НУУз ACTA NUUz FILOLOGIYA 1/5 2023
O‘ZBEKISTON MILLIY
UNIVERSITETI XABARLARI, 2023, [1/5] ISSN 2181-7324 FILOLOGIYA https://science.nuu.uz/ Social sciences O‘zMU xabarlari Вестник НУУз ACTA NUUz FILOLOGIYA 1/5 2023 - 313 - also reflected in the formation and development of language culture (Mamatov 2005). In general, the following situations can be used to define and distinguish language norms: 1) language is a multi- layered, multi-part device, but it is constantly developing as a whole reality and always has the ability to ensure the communication process takes place without difficulty; 2) language norms are a set of units selected from the possibilities available in the language system; 3) the language norm is based on a specific language; 4) changes in language norms can occur only due to changes in the communicative needs of the members of the society speaking this language; 5) in the reality of the language, the norm is a dimension that differs according to the communication environment and has its own characteristics; 6) to distinguish the language norm and to understand its features, it is necessary not to forget that there are two main types of distinguishing signs: a) according to differences in fields (dialect norm, colloquial speech norm, literary language norm); b) differentiation according to the nature (variant and non-variant norms, necessary and facultative norms, etc.). Language culture as a sociolinguistic phenomenon has a complex character. The concept of "language culture" itself reflects, firstly, the dialectical nature of the relationship between the language system and communicative activity, and secondly, the individual characteristics of social and speech activity in the language system. The above-mentioned principles of language culture can also be considered as components of the general characteristics of a person. When studying the status of the speaking person's language culture, it is taken into account how he adheres to socio-cultural rules. Age, gender, education, social origin, social and economic status of a person are taken into account when defining these rules. In contrast to "language culture", the concept of linguistic "communicative culture" is characterized by the following features: 1) this concept implies two types of linguistic activity, that is, the processes of creating speech and understanding it; 2) refers to full speech information (texts on a certain topic); 3) the use of information in several languages is observed in the text. In recent times, the influence of various non-linguistic factors on the culture of linguistic communication is increasing. These include the complication of social and professional relations in society, changes in work activities, increased attention to the addressee, enrichment of the stock of means of expression. The culture of communication is related to the character of the communicators or the inclusion of as many elements as possible in the communication situation. This, in turn, leads to the linguistic-cultural development of the dictionary, which is a mirror of social life. Now it is actively developing at the expense of euphemisms in everyday life and connotative evaluation units that are widely used in the process of political communication. Special expression - visual means are divided into tropes and figures. Special expression - visual means, imagery in the language, creates emotion. By using them, the author affects the intuition of the listener. In addition, brevity and accuracy are achieved in the statement. For this, certain conditions are necessary: firstly, the author must be well-versed in the nature and characteristics of the expressive means of speech or writing; secondly, one should not blindly, excessively, inappropriately refer to figurative means of expression to color the speech. That is, it is necessary to understand well the place, time and function of their use. Otherwise, the speech culture will be broken, the listener or reader may develop a negative attitude towards the speech, and through it, the author. Transferring the name, sign of something to another with the intention of choosing expressiveness, expressiveness and accuracy, analogy or using words for this purpose, in a general figurative sense, are called tropes. A trope is the figurative use of words or phrases in speech. Tropes are taken as a basis by comparing two concepts that are close to each other in some way. Types of tropes: epithet (adjective) is a Greek word meaning explanatory. Serving to enhance artistic expressiveness shows the stylistic function of epithets. In a stylistic epithet, the author evaluates the aspect of the described thing or event that he considers necessary from a certain point of view. Stylistic means are understood as linguistic units used to embody the author's intention and create certain stylistic effects. In this case, stylistic (rhetorical) devices act as a way of actualization. The purpose of this work is to show the mechanism of action of some of the most striking and significant techniques and figures of speech, which are based on the rich potential of linguistic means. It is proposed to distinguish between expressions of speech means and language means, since evaluation, expression, emotion are manifested not in the word, but in the process of its live use. Accordingly, linguistic means means a sound, a word, a combination of words, a sentence; under speech means - the expressive possibilities of language means, manifested in speech, - polysemy in context, homonymy in context, paronymy in context, etc. The work uses examples from the works of authors of different literary movements and genres, which made it possible to reveal the hidden "mechanisms" and the general technology of the action of a particular technique or figure of speech in a multifaceted manifestation. In the analysis of methods for creating speech expressiveness, the author emphasizes the importance of understanding their essence and purpose in the works of a particular writer. So, the figurative words belonging to the thematic group "color" are considered through the prism of the analysis of the novel by M.A. Bulgakov's "White Guard", a metaphor that characterizes human feelings, is described in the course of the analysis of the poetry of M.I. Tsvetaeva. In theoretical terms, stylistics as a science and academic discipline includes four main complementary areas: 1) structural stylistics - the doctrine of markings, stylistic meanings and systematization of stylistically marked means, stylistic potencies of synonyms, antonyms; 2) practical, or applied, stylistics - the doctrine of the normative use of language means and the elimination of various types of errors in oral and written speech; 3) functional stylistics - the doctrine of the functioning of language means depending on the scope and area of use, involves the study of functional styles; 4) the style of artistic speech (or the "language" of fiction) - expressive style. An important aspect of stylistics is the doctrine of tropes (allegory, hyperbole, litotes, meiosis, metaphor, metonymy, personification, paraphrase, epithet, etc.) and figures (comparison, antithesis, oxymoron, zeugma, gradation, anaphora, chiasm, etc.) as about the methods or techniques of “decorating speech”. Expressive means are not paradigmatic, but syntagmatic, as they are. are based on the linear arrangement of parts and their effect depends on the arrangement. Download 1.91 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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