O‘zmu xabarlari вестник нууз acta nuuz

O‘zMU xabarlari Вестник НУУз ACTA NUUz
 
FILOLOGIYA 
1/5 2023 
- 315 -
numerous discussions and has received very different 
interpretations and names, including such interpretations with 
which we cannot in any way agree. At the same time, this path 
of research promises great opportunities, and therefore the fact 
that it has led to some errors in the past does not mean that it 
should be abandoned altogether. 
Let us note some milestones in the history of this 
issue. V. Shklovsky considered this discrepancy as the main 
feature of art. He wrote: “The technique of art is the technique 
of estimating things and the technique of a complicated form, 
which increases the difficulty and length of perception, since 
the perceptual process in art is an end in itself and must be 
extended”2. In his later work, V. Shklovsky writes about the 
same phenomenon, pointing out that the artistic effect is 
achieved “by changing the signal system, so to speak, 
updating the signal, which breaks the stereotype and makes 
one strain to comprehend the thing”. 
The point of view of the Prague School has been 
expounded in some detail by L. Dolezel. When interpreting 
this phenomenon, which the Czechs called the terms 
"actualization" and "promotion", L. Dolezel proceeds from the 
fact that in poetic language attention should be directed to the 
linguistic fact itself, which is thus actualized, in contrast to the 
communicative language, the form of which is automated and 
attention is directed to the content that conveys extralinguistic 
reality.
So, we can be sure that the reader has at his disposal 
some probabilistic model of the language, which gives him an 
idea of a certain average norm for a given type of text and 
allows him to notice deviations from it. Since the process of 
understanding slows down somewhat when deviating from the 
norm, the deviation is noticeable. Therefore, the reader can 
actually perceive the stylistic effect as the relationship 
between the element or combinations of elements that are 
most common for a given situation, and the deviation from the 
norm that he can notice in the text.