CLASSIFICATION OF APHORISMS IN MODERN LINGUISTICS
Abstract
Over the centuries, aphorisms have been the subject of research on several occasions, drawing the attention of linguists, literary
critics, historians, philosophers. The analysis of aphorisms was carried out according to the materials of creativity of the authors,
their collections, as well as individual thematic groups of aphorisms. Research is based on materials from different languages,
with aphorisms being considered from antiquity to the present day. The relevance of the study of aphorisms is due to the
anthropocentric nature of modern linguistics and the need to rethink many issues related to the essence and functioning of
aphoristic units. In this article, the characteristics of aphorism are analyzed and the interpretation of aphorisms as units of speech
and elements of the language system determines the relevance of this research topic.
Key words: Aphorism, speech aphorisms, language aphorisms, proverbs, sayings, winged words, appeals, slogans, scientific
formulas.
Kirish. Til axborotni yaratish, uzatish va saqlash bilan
bog‘liq bo‘lgan ko‘plab xususiyatga ega tizimdir. U, aniq nutq
faoliyati jarayonida amalga oshirilib, uning yakuniy mahsuli
matnning yaratilishiga sabab bo‘ladi. Inson tomonidan
yaratilgan matnlar hajmi, mavzusi, tuzilishi va uslubi jihatidan
xilma-xil bo‘ladi. Shaxsiy va ijtimoiy hayotning xilma-xil
ko‘rinishlarini
umumlashtiradigan,
tavsiflaydigan
va
voqe’likni badiiy aks ettirishda qo‘llaniladigan kichik matnlar
aforizmlardir. So‘nggi o‘n yilliklarda badiiy va publitsistik
adabiyotlarda, davriy nashrlarda va jonli nutqda aforizmlardan
faol foydalanish, o‘zgartirish va qayta talqin qilish yondashuvi
kuzatilmoqda. Ammo, uning keng qo‘llanilishiga qaramay,
aforizm hodisasi hali kerakli darajada o‘rganilmagan.
Aforizm tushunchasini idrok etish, uning madaniy va
tarixiy kelib chiqishiga, shuningdek, tadqiqotchining tadqiq
etish uslubiga qarab farq qilishi mumkin. Har bir muallif
aforizmni o‘ziga xos ta’riflaydi. Turli olimlar tomonidan taklif
qilingan juda ko‘p ta’riflar mavjud. Ba’zilar aforizmni qisqa,
ammo mazmunan chuqur fikr sifatida tavsiflasa, boshqalari,
bu birinchi navbatda, o‘ziga xoslikka moyil bo‘lgan murakkab
uslubdagi g‘ayrioddiy fikr deb hisoblashadi.
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