,
undated).
Disaggregated data – The separation of compiled information into smaller units to elucidate
underlying trends and patterns. Compiled data may come from multiple sources (the
public/private sectors and national/international organizations) and have multiple variables or
“dimensions”. To enhance understanding of a situation, the data is grouped by dimension, such
as age, sex, geographic area, education, ethnicity, or other socio-economic variables. (
Pan
American Health Organization
, 2020)
Economic displacement – The loss of assets or access to assets that leads to loss of income
sources or other means of livelihood. (IFC,
Performance Standard 5: Land Acquisition and
Involuntary Resettlement
, 2012)
Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) – The process of identifying, predicting,
evaluating, and mitigating the environmental, social, and other relevant effects of development
proposals prior to major decisions being taken and commitments made. (
International
Association for Impact Assessment
, 2009).
Financial assurance for mine closure and rehabilitation – Financial assurance is a written
agreement under which a mining company agrees to pay a certain amount of money if it does
not perform certain activities properly at closure (e.g., restoration) (Government of Canada,
2013b). This is an insurance mechanism, an element of governance, a solution to the
bankruptcy or failure of the operator and any resulting abandoned mines, a question central to
the post-mine issues, and a question of responsibility for future generations. (
IGF Global
Review: Financial assurance governance for the post-mining transition
, 2021)
Fiscal transparency – "Looking through" an entity and attributing profits and losses directly to
the entity's members. The profits of certain forms of enterprises are taxed in the hands of the
members rather than at the level of the enterprise. Often occurs in the case of a partnership for
example. (OECD,
Budget Transparency Toolkit
, 2017)
40
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |