Planning proposal
Download 0.87 Mb. Pdf ko'rish
|
- Bu sahifa navigatsiya:
- Common Name Species Legal Status Location/Distance from Study Site
- 4.0 Fauna and Habitat Survey and Assessment 4.1. Survey Methods
- Hollow Bearing Tree Survey
- 4.2. Corridors and Key Habitats See Figure 5 showing the following. Regional Corridors
- Local Corridors and Habitat Links
- Wattles, Melaleucas, Callistemons and Banksias (shrub layer)
33 Act Literature Review Significance TSC Act ‘Hunter Floodplain Red Gum Woodland in the NSW North Coast and Sydney Basin Bioregions’ is an EEC that generally occurs on floodplains and on floodplains and associated floodplain rises along the Hunter River and tributaries. This community does not occur on the site, which is located outside the prescribed range, thus the EEC does not occur. TSC Act ‘Coastal Cypress Pine Forest in the NSW North Coast Bioregion’ is a distinctive vegetation community dominated by Coastal Cypress Pine (Callitris columellaris) and is typically found on coastal sand plains, north from the Angourie area on the far north coast of NSW. The site is far beyond the known range of this EEC and the Coastal Pine does not occur, thus the EEC does not occur. Ecological Assessment | Rezoning – Lot 18 Diamond Beach Rd, Diamond Beach | January 2016 34 3.4. Threatened Flora Survey Results No threatened plants were recorded on the survey site during this survey. Potential Occurrence Assessment Searches of relevant literature and databases (OEH 2016a) found records of 5 threatened flora species in the locality: Table 5: Threatened flora species recorded in the locality Common Name Species Legal Status Location/Distance from Study Site Dwarf Heath Casuarina Allocasuarina defungens E- TSCA E- EPBCA <800m west of the study site. White-flowered Wax Plant Cynanchum elegans E-TSCA E-EPBCA <4km to the southeast Macadamia Nut Macadamia integrifolia V-EPBCA Red Head Rainforest Cassia Senna acclinis E-TSCA <1km to the west Magenta Lilly Pilly Syzygium paniculatum E-TSCA V-EPBCA Red Head. Suitable habitat for these species does not occur in the study area except for Dwarf Heath Casuarina. As noted above, a targeted survey for this species was undertaken on site, but only Black Oak (Allocasuarina littoralis) was found. It was considered that isolation of the site habitat and historical disturbances are likely to have displaced this plant and now prevent it from recolonizing, hence it is not considered a potential occurrence. 4.0 Fauna and Habitat Survey and Assessment 4.1. Survey Methods In consideration of the proposal, threatened species recorded in the locality (OEH 2015a, DotE 2015a), available habitats on site, and potentially occurring species: the following survey methods were employed: • Qualitative and quantitative habitat assessment, • Koala surveys, • Hollow-bearing tree survey, • Opportunistic sightings, scratches and scats. Ecological Assessment | Rezoning – Lot 18 Diamond Beach Rd, Diamond Beach | January 2016 35 It is acknowledged that the full range of techniques (e.g. pitfall trapping and harp trapping) which could have been used and extent of effort for some methods is less than specified by the DEC (2004) guidelines. However, as provided for in the guidelines, use of these techniques and effort is not considered warranted in this instance given the no vegetation is proposed to be removed, lack of habitat for most locally recorded species, and the consultant’s high level of ecological knowledge of the area. Survey was undertaken by a senior ecologist under Naturecall’s scientific license and animal research authority. Habitat Evaluation The site was surveyed to determine the available potential habitats, and the support value of these habitats for threatened species. Habitats were defined according to parameters such as: • Structural and floristic characteristics of the vegetation e.g. understorey type and development, crown depth, groundcover density, etc. • Degree and extent of disturbance e.g. fire, logging, weed invasion, modification to structure and diversity, etc. • Soil type and suitability e.g. for digging and burrowing. • Presence of water in any form e.g. dams, creeks, drainage lines, soaks. • Size and abundance of hollows and fallen timber. • Availability of shelter e.g. rocks, logs, hollows, undergrowth. • Wildlife corridors, refuges and proximate habitat types. • Presence of mistletoe, nectar, gum, seed, sap, etc. sources. Species identification was assisted by Morcombe and Stewart (2010), Pizzey and Knight (2003), Tyler and Knight (2009), Wilson and Knowles (1992), Strahan (2008), Triggs (1996), Robinson (1996), Swan et al (2004) and Schodde and Tideman (1990). Koala Survey Survey for the Koala consisted of diurnal searches for the Koala within the area of remnant vegetation containing Swamp Mahogany. This also included applying the Spot Assessment Technique (SAT) survey on the site. The SAT surveys consisted of checking the ground and leaf litter for Koala scats in a 2m radius around 30 trees tree per sample site for a period of two minutes per tree or until a scat was found. This technique is recognised as a very efficient method of detecting Koala presence, and in some instances, is a method used to identify areas of major Koala activity/significance eg Core Koala Habitat (Phillips and Callahan 2011, Jurskis and Potter 1997, NPWS 2001, DECC 2008, Biolink 2013). Hollow Bearing Tree Survey Any hollow bearing trees and stags on the study site were intended to located and recorded via hand held GPS. Ecological Assessment | Rezoning – Lot 18 Diamond Beach Rd, Diamond Beach | January 2016 36 Any such tree was to be quantified (height, trunk diameter, number of hollows, location in tree and aperture diameter), marked with pink spray paint, and assigned an identifier number. Secondary Evidence and Direct Observations Physical habitat searches involved lifting up of any timber, rocks and debris, and inspection of dense vegetation and leaf litter for frogs and reptiles; binocular inspection of trees for potential hollows and if found – inspection of the opening for signs of usage eg chewed or worn edges; observation of likely basking sites; searches for nests; and searches for scats, owl regurgitation pellets, tracks and scratches. A total of 3 hours was spent on habitat and secondary evidence searches. Any fauna directly observed during other survey activities were also recorded. Limitations Fauna detectability is limited by seasonal, behavioural or lifecycle characteristics of each species, and even by habitat variations (e.g. flowering periods), which can occur within a year, between years, decades, etc. (DEC 2004). To counter any limitations, qualitative and quantitative habitat evaluation was used as well as a standard ecological field survey to assess the site’s significance to threatened species. Habitat evaluation conservatively assesses the potential occurrence of threatened species based on potentially suitable habitat and local records, providing a prediction of the likelihood of a particular threatened species occurring in the study area (DEC 2004, DECC 2007, Forest Fauna Surveys 1997). This approach is considered best practice to address the Principle of Uncertainty. 4.2. Corridors and Key Habitats See Figure 5 showing the following. Regional Corridors Regional corridors are typically >500m wide and provide a link between major and/or significant areas of habitat in the region. Ideally they are of sufficient size to provide habitat in their own right and at least twice the width of the average home range area of fauna species identified as likely to use the corridor (OEH 2015c, Scotts 2002). Lot 18 falls within the Saltwater-Darawa regional wildlife corridor which links Saltwater National Park and Khappinghat Nature Reserve with Darawank Nature Reserve via the coastal strip. The effectiveness of this corridor relies on the retention of fragmented remnant native vegetation along the coastal strip. Ecological Assessment | Rezoning – Lot 18 Diamond Beach Rd, Diamond Beach | January 2016 37 Sub-regional Corridors Sub-regional corridors connect larger landscaped features and are of sufficient width to allow movement and dispersal (generally >300m), but may not provide substantial species habitat (OEH 2015c, Scotts 2002). The site does not form part of any sub-regional corridors. Local Corridors and Habitat Links Local corridors provide connections between remnant patches of habitat and landscape features. Due to their relatively small area and width (they may be <50m), these corridors are subject to edge effects (OEH 2015c, Scotts 2002). Habitat links are evaluated in this report as links from habitat on- site directly to similar habitat on adjacent land. These would be used by fauna, which depend solely or at least partially on the site for all of their lifecycle requirements, and/or dispersal (Lindenmayer and Fisher 2006). As noted previously, the study area has been highly fragmented by rural landuses, sand mining, past logging activities and residential development. There is thus limited connectivity via continuous bands of native vegetation As shown in Figure 5, the site remnant is part of a fragmented band of remnant and regrowth vegetation running northwest from Moor Creek southeast to the foredune vegetation. The generally focusses along the drainage line which flows through the survey site to a dam to the southeast on adjoining land. Relative to the site, this is the most significant local corridor and habitat link, but is limited by the vegetation/habitat types, fragmentation by roads and edge effects. Hence only very mobile and habitat generalist fauna are likely to use this as an effective corridor. Frogs would also benefit via the hydraulic connection eg tadpoles upstream could be transported downstream. Aside from this, the local matrix is quite hostile with extensive areas of pasture with scattered trees and shrubs and maintain large lot to residential and recreational areas in between any other significant extent of vegetation to the north, south or northwest. A minor habitat link is provided by remnant vegetation along the northern boundary to the foredune. This would only be used by woodland generalists eg medium sized birds and grass skinks. Key Habitat Key Habitats are areas of predicted high conservation value for forest faunal assemblages, endemic forest vertebrates or endemic invertebrates; spatially depicted as a merging of mapped assemblage hubs, assemblage hot spots and centres of endemism (OEH 2015c, Scotts 2002). The survey site and the study site do not contain any areas of OEH mapped key habitat. Ecological Assessment | Rezoning – Lot 18 Diamond Beach Rd, Diamond Beach | January 2016 38 Figure 5: OEH regional corridors and key habitats Ecological Assessment | Rezoning – Lot 18 Diamond Beach Rd, Diamond Beach | January 2016 39 4.3. Fauna Survey Results Habitat Evaluation The following table summarises the results of the habitat evaluation survey: Table 6: Habitat evaluation summary Habitat Attribute/Type Site/Survey Area Potential Values to Threatened Species Occurrence Groundcover The paperbark swamp forest has a variable sparse to mid dense ground cover layer dominated by rushes /sedges and ground ferns. Occasional dense areas are dominated by sedges, rushes and Pouched Coral Fern on the edges and creek/channels. This variable groundcover offers habitat for native rodents, Antechinus, wallabies, bandicoots, reptiles and frogs especially when considered together with the accumulated leaf litter. Small to medium sized mammal tracks were visible through the ground layer probably made by Swamp Wallabies. The northern portion of the survey site dominated by wet heath contains a medium proportion of graminoid species (with a peaty humic layer). This provides a ~20%- 85% ground cover range at an average of 50%. This offers significant cover and seeds for granivores. Small to medium sized mammal runways were visible through the ground layer. South from this low heath area, groundcover tends to decrease with a range of ~20%-60% at an average of 40% ground cover. This offers good cover and a good level of seeds for granivores. Species in both these areas are predominantly rushes and sedges, both clumping and spreading by rhizome. These areas contained dense to moderately dense ground cover which offers habitat common to native rodents, Antechinus, Wallabia bicolour, bandicoot, reptiles and frogs. Groundcover is limited around the dam; confined to the northwest half at a width of 1-2 metres. With a sparse to mid dense rushes and sedge cover, this offered poor Some potential generic habitat for Eastern Chestnut Mouse, New Holland Mouse and Common Planigale, but historically disturbances of survey area and adjacent land plus isolation suggests very unlikely for a viable population to occur. Ecological Assessment | Rezoning – Lot 18 Diamond Beach Rd, Diamond Beach | January 2016 40 Habitat Attribute/Type Site/Survey Area Potential Values to Threatened Species Occurrence habitat for common native and exotic rodents, Antechinus, common reptiles, common frogs and aquatic species such as freshwater turtles (observed). Leaf litter The paperbark swamp forest has a moderate leaf litter layer with a peaty humic layer. The low open to closed wet heath community has a low to moderate leaf litter layer with a peaty humic layer. Generic foraging habitat for bandicoots and smaller dasyurids. No significant value. Logs and debris Very limited coarse woody debris – one aggregation of ~ 4 Eucalyptus trunks with soil and a root mass was observed in the swamp forest. Other debris observed included occasional branches of 10-15cm. No logs were observed in the wet heath community with some limited coarse woody debris. No significant value. Hollows No hollow-bearing trees occur on the survey site. One fallen termitaria on the ground and one arboreal termitaria was observed (on a Eucalyptus robusta) in the swamp forest community Termitaria in tree offers marginal potential for nesting by common birds (eg Rainbow Lorikeets), denning by probably Sugar Gliders and Antechinus, and common reptiles and frogs. Due to rarity of this key habitat component, likely to be subject to intensive competition and elevated predation risk. Ecological Assessment | Rezoning – Lot 18 Diamond Beach Rd, Diamond Beach | January 2016 41 Habitat Attribute/Type Site/Survey Area Potential Values to Threatened Species Occurrence Nectar Sources Swamp Mahogany is a key winter-spring flowering tree for nectivores. Approximately 90 trees occur within the survey area with ~30% in the 5-8m height range, with most between 8-14m high Broad-leaved Paperbark flowers prolifically in late summer to early winter (usually early autumn). This species is less common and occurs mostly as younger trees and as saplings. Other paperbarks are not a key nectar source but provide an insect attractant. Potential to support Eastern Blossom Bat during flowering season. Most trees may be a bit short to attract Grey-headed Flying Fox. Squirrel Glider unlikely to use these trees as not preferred forest type and insufficient extent as well as isolation from other habitat, as well as absence of denning resources. Small area of Swamp Mahogany unlikely to support recurring non-breeding occurrence of extremely rare migratory species such as Regent Honeyeater and Swift Parrot, especially due to competition with conspecifics and not part of a locally large and attractive extent of such habitat. Wattles, Melaleucas, Callistemons and Banksias (shrub layer) Banksia shrub and Wallum Bottlebrush are preferred food species of the Eastern Blossom Bat and possibly Eastern Pygmy Possum. Other flowering shrubs are limited nectar sources but good insect attractant. May be used as small part of Eastern Blossom Bat local range depending on flowering incidence. Eastern Pygmy Possum rather unlikely to be present given disturbance history, edge effects, insufficient extent of habitat for viable population and isolation from other habitat. Sap and gum sources Swamp Mahogany and paperbark species are not preferred glider sap sources, and nil sap incisions were noted. The site contains a number of Acacia species though none are known preferred gum sources for gliders. No incisions noted. Lack of key habitat component for gliders. Ecological Assessment | Rezoning – Lot 18 Diamond Beach Rd, Diamond Beach | January 2016 42 Habitat Attribute/Type Site/Survey Area Potential Values to Threatened Species Occurrence Primary preferred Koala browse trees Swamp Mahogany was the only Schedule 2 species on site, which was in sufficient abundance to qualify the site as Potential Koala Habitat (see section 6). Nil scat were found during the SAT survey and no Koalas were observed. At most may be used for temporary refuge during wider home range movements or dispersal. Allocasuarinas The site contains Black Oak (Allocasuarina littoralis). Black Oak is however infrequent and stunted. Marginal if any foraging value for the Glossy Black Cockatoo due to size of trees and very small crowns and potential crops. Unlikely to be used. Aquatic One 4150m² dam occurs on site which contains a limited or very little amount of emergent aquatic vegetation. This provides some limited general potential habitat for a large range of common amphibians, freshwater turtles (observed) and aquatic birds. The presence of Plague Minnow was confirmed in the dam. Two drainage lines/drains run through the survey site. The far southern one is fringed by light to mid dense rushes/sedges but has no aquatic vegetation. Two patches of frog spawn were noted in this creek. This evidently offers frog breeding habitat though the possible presence of Plague Minnow may reduce this. The main drainage line appears to typically carry water to a depth of 50cm. It is fringed in patches by rushes and sedges with River Club-Rush and Tall Sedge occur sporadically as aquatic plants. Leaf litter and groundcover are sparse to medium dense. This offers possible frog breeding habitat though the possible presence of Plague Minnow may reduce this. A dead Red-bellied Black Snake was observed within this area at the Ramada Resort road culvert. Dam may provide potential foraging habitat for the Black- necked Stork (Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus) but location in a residential area close to dwellings suggests unlikely to be used. Marginal generic potential habitat exists for Green and Golden Bell Frog but lack of historical records in locality (OEH 2015a) and nearby source habitat (eg hind dune wetlands), Plague Minnow, and failure by any survey to detect the species strongly evidences not present. The wet heath and swamp forest offer potential foraging, refuge and breeding habitat for the Wallum Froglet, but disturbance history and isolation suggests it is low chance of being present as a remnant population. The dam may also provide some potential foraging habitat for the Southern Myotis (Myotis macropus), but most of the drainage lines are too overgrown for this species. Ecological Assessment | Rezoning – Lot 18 Diamond Beach Rd, Diamond Beach | January 2016 43 Habitat Attribute/Type Site/Survey Area Potential Values to Threatened Species Occurrence Fruiting species The study site overall contains a low abundance of fruiting species in the understorey and canopy. None are preferred by threatened frugivores. No preferred trees likely to be used by Grey-headed Flying Fox or threatened frugivorous birds. 1km>4km>800m> Download 0.87 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
Ma'lumotlar bazasi mualliflik huquqi bilan himoyalangan ©fayllar.org 2024
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling