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2. Substantivation  (formation of 
nouns). The semantic transformation of 
an “action” is being implemented – the “ 
object as a result of an action”
to look ( to direct your eyes in order to 
see) – look ( when you look at someone or 
something)
to sleep (to be in the state of rest when 
your eyes are closed, your body is not ac-
tive, and your mind is unconscious)  – 
sleep (the resting state)
3. Adjectivation  (formation of ad-
jectives). The model expresses the se-
mantic transformation of the “subject” 
into “characteristic phenomenon of the 
subject”
christian (someone who believes in 
Jesus Christ) – christian(relating to chris-
tianity)
granny (grandmother)- granny(means 
having the style like those worn by old 
woman)

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