Polysemy and metaphor in perception verbs: a cross-linguistic study
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PhD-Thesis-99
touched the high point in his career. (
COL ) (88) 1685etik aurrera agintearen gailurra ukitu zuena 1685. ABL forward mandate. GEN top. ABS touch AUX .who ‘He who reached the top of his mandate from 1685 onwards’ ( IS ) 64 This kind of metaphor is what Radden (in press) calls a ‘metonymy-based metaphor’, i.e. “a mapping involving two conceptual domains which are grounded in, or can be traced back to, one conceptual domain”. 65 For instance, the semantic extension VISION Æ SOCIAL RELATIONSHIP could be explained by the metonymy EFFECT (see) FOR CAUSE (visit, meet, receive…); or for the case of HEAR Æ OBEY the metonymic basis could be PRECONDITION (hearing) FOR RESULT (obeying). I would like to express my gratitude to Antonio Barcelona for introducing me to this model and for suggesting all these possible metonymies. B. Iraide Ibarretxe-Antuñano Polysemy and metaphor in perception verbs 73 (89) Ha tocado el punto más alto de su carrera has touched the point most high of his career ‘He has reaches the peak of his career’ ( OSD ) These three examples imply that there is a point, an aim to be reached or that the moment to do something or end-point has arrived. In (87), (88) and (89), this end-point is the success 66 achieved in a career. In other cases, as in (90), the end-point is spatial. (90) The ship touches at Tenerife ( COL ) In (90) the ship has arrived at her destination, at the dock. In English the fact that the ship is going to stay in the dock for a brief period of time is also implied. However this is not the case in Spanish. (91) El barco tocó puerto ayer the ship touched port yesterday ‘The ship arrived yesterday’ In (91), the information we are given is simply that the ship arrived, but not about the length of time it will stay. In Spanish there is further usage of this meaning ‘to reach’. What (92) implies is that the time to pay has come. This usage is very interesting because it is etymologically related to the onomatopoeic origin of the verb tocar, as we shall see in Chapter 3. In old times the tolling of the bells used to announce events in villages. Still in current times one can hear the church bells calling people to prayer. In Spanish this is referred to as tocar a misa, lit. ‘touch to mass’. In this example the end point is temporal. (92) Tocan a pagar touch.3. PL to pay ‘It is time to pay’ ( RAE ) 66 This positive interpretation is explained in Lakoff and Johnson (1980). (84) and (85) are examples of what they call ‘orientational’ metaphors: “metaphorical concept that organises a whole system of concepts with respect to one another” (1980:15). U P is always related to good, high status and it is opposed to DOWN , which implies bad, low status; as in the expression to touch bottom. B. Iraide Ibarretxe-Antuñano Polysemy and metaphor in perception verbs These meanings are very iconic and could be represented in a diagram as shown in Figure 2.1: ↑ (87), (88), (89) up=good → → (90), (91) dock=spatial (92) temporal ↓ bottom=bad Figure 2.1: Representation of the meaning ‘to reach’. Another metaphorical meaning in the sense of touch is ‘to deal with’ as in (93), (94) and (95). (93) I wouldn’t Download 1.39 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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