“Pre Contact” over 1 million “Pre Contact” over 1 million1900: Less than 20,000
Close to 1 Million people in California Close to 1 Million people in CaliforniaLargest population north of Mexico1769: 310,000 Native people living in California1900: Less than 20,000
Sherburne Cook (1978) estimates that death of Native persons in California between 1770 and 1900 was over 90% of the original population. Sherburne Cook (1978) estimates that death of Native persons in California between 1770 and 1900 was over 90% of the original population.Cook explains this “near-devastation” in three waves: - Spanish Missions (1769)
- End of the Missions (1821) to the Mexican-American War (1845) ranching and trading
- Gold Rush (1849)
Act for the Government and Protection of Indians (1850-1863) - Act for the Government and Protection of Indians (1850-1863)
- California Volunteer Militia
- $5 for every severed head in Shasta City (1855), 25 cents for a scalp in Honey Lake in 1863. 25 cents per scalp (man, woman or child) was the State of California’s bounty.
- In both 1851 and 1852 California paid out $1 million to militias that hunted down and slaughtered Indians. In 1857 the state issued $400,000 to pay for anti-Indian militias.
- One of the first acts of the California legislature when it entered the union was to offer a bounty on Indian scalps.
April 11, 1863 “Good Haul of Diggers – One White Man Killed – Thirty-Eight Bucks Killed, Forty Squaws and Children Taken.” April 11, 1863 “Good Haul of Diggers – One White Man Killed – Thirty-Eight Bucks Killed, Forty Squaws and Children Taken.” May 23, 1863 “the Indian must be exterminated or removed… this may not be the most Christanlike attitude but it is the most practical.”
“As I studied and taught about the history of California and the United States, I encountered many students, colleagues, and faculty unwilling to accept the argument that genocide had been committed upon Native Americans in California and the United States during the nineteenth century. Some suggested that the tremendous loss of lives was instead an unintended consequence or event a necessary evil of the advance of Western civilization or national progress.” –Brendan Lindsey (2013) “As I studied and taught about the history of California and the United States, I encountered many students, colleagues, and faculty unwilling to accept the argument that genocide had been committed upon Native Americans in California and the United States during the nineteenth century. Some suggested that the tremendous loss of lives was instead an unintended consequence or event a necessary evil of the advance of Western civilization or national progress.” –Brendan Lindsey (2013)
General assembly resolved to stamp out the crime of genocide by codifying its parameters into international law so that nations might cooperate to bring violators to justice or prevent future occurrences. General assembly resolved to stamp out the crime of genocide by codifying its parameters into international law so that nations might cooperate to bring violators to justice or prevent future occurrences.Articles 2, 3, 4 are key because of their definition of what constitutes genocide, what acts related to crimes of genocide are punishable, and who is answerable for the commission of genocide.
In the present (1948) Convention, genocide means any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group as such: In the present (1948) Convention, genocide means any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group as such: - Killing members of the group;
- Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group;
- Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part;
- Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group;
- Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group.
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