Present simple – hozirgi oddiy zamon
Time expression – Vaqt ifodalari (payt ravishlari)
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rules for all tenses
- Bu sahifa navigatsiya:
- Ever Hech, biror marta, qachondir Have you ever been
- “here”
- IN OTHER WORDS Quyidagi misollarga yaxshilab e’tibor bering. Birinchi va ikkinchi gaplar o’xshash ma’nolarni
Time expression – Vaqt ifodalari (payt ravishlari)
Present perfect va present prefect continuous bilan keladigan payt ravishlari How long Qancha paytdan beri How long have you known Jack? – Jekni qancha paytdan beri taniysan? How long have you been learning English? –Ingliz tilini qancha paytdan beri o’rganyapsan? For …dan beri (davomiylik) I have known Jack for five years. – Jekni 5 yildan beri taniyman. I have not seen Emily for a long time. – Emiliyni anchadan beri ko’rmadim. She has been working here for twenty years. – U bu yerda 20 yildan beri ishlayapti. Since …dan beri (boshlang’ich payt) They have been married since last April. – Ular o’tgan apreldan beri turmush qurishgan. We have been living here since 1980. – Biz bu yerda 1980-yildan beri yashaymiz. I have not talked to Ann since last Sunday. – Ann bilan o’tgan yakshanbadan beri gaplashmadim. Lately/recently Oxirgi paytlarda/ Yaqinda, yaqin kunlarda Have you seen any good films lately/recently? – Oxirgi paytlarda/Yaqin kunlarda birorta yaxshi film ko’rdingmi? She has been going out a lot lately/recently. – U oxirgi paytlarda/yaqin kunlarda ko’p ko’chaga chiqyapti. Present perfect bilan keladigan payt ravishlari Already Allaqachon We have already seen this film. – Biz bu filmni allaqachon ko’rib bo’lganmiz. Have you finished already? – Allaqachon tugatib bo’ldingmi? Yet Hali ham, haligacha Has Roger left yet? – Rojer hali ketmadimi? (Rojer haligacha ketib bo’ldimi?) Simon has not finished yet. – Saymon hali ham tugatib bo’lmadi. Just Endigina, hozirgina I have just phoned Jill. – Men hozirgina Jilga telefon qildim. Always Har doim, doimo She has always loved animals. – U doimo hayvonlarni yoqtirib kelgan. Ever Hech, biror marta, qachondir Have you ever been abroad? – Biror marta chet elda bo’lganmisan? Never Hech qachon She has never been to France. – U hech qachon Fransiyada bo’lmagan. So far Shu paytgacha I have sent twenty invitations so far. – Shu paytgacha 20 ta taklifnoma jo’natdim. What have you done so far? – Shu paytgacha nima qilding? Have gone (to) / Have been (to) Have gone (to) - …ga ketdi – biror joyga ketib, hali qaytib kelmagan. They have gone to the theatre. – Ular teatrga ketdi. (hali qaytib kelishmadi) Have been (to) - …ga borib kelgan, …da bo’lgan – biror joyga borib yana qaytib kelgan. 13 He has been to Japan. – U Yaponiyaga borgan/bo’lib kelgan. (Yaponiyaga borib yana qaytib kelgan) Tip: Ushbu qoidada “to” predlogi qavs ichida berilganligiga e’tibor qaratish lozim. Bu “to” predlogining ayrim hollarda ishlatilishi, ayrim hollarda ishlatilmasligini bildiradi. Agar qayerga ketganligi/borib kelganligi aytilmasa yoki “there” (o’sha yerda/ga), “here” (bu yerda), “somewhere/ anywehere/ everywhere” kabi ravishlar (adverbs of place) bilan yoki “home” so’zi bilan ifodalansa, u holda “to” predlogi ishlatilmaydi. Where have you been? – Qayerga borib kelding? (qayergaligi ko’rsatilmagan, shuning uchun “to” ishlatilmaydi.) I have been there twice before. – Men ilgari u yerda ikki marta bo’lganman. She has gone home. – U uyiga ketdi. Jane is in France now. She has gone there to visit his parents. – Jeyn hozir Fransiyada. U u yerga ota- onasini ko’rgani ketdi. IN OTHER WORDS Quyidagi misollarga yaxshilab e’tibor bering. Birinchi va ikkinchi gaplar o’xshash ma’nolarni ifodalaydi. Har ikkala holatni ham o’rganib oling. 1. I’ve never had such a good meal. – Men hech qachon bunday mazali taom yemaganman. ever It’s the best meal I have ever had. – Bu men shu paytgacha yegan eng mazali taom. 2. She started collecting postcards four years ago. – U otkritkalar yig’ishni 4 yil oldin boshlagan. been She has been collecting postcards for four years. – U 4 yildan beri otkritkalar yig’adi. 3. They haven’t finished painting the house yet. – Ular uyni bo’yashni hali tugatishmadi. still They are still painting the house. – Ular hali ham uyni bo’yashyapti. 4. I’ve never ridden a camel before. – Men ilgari hech qachon tuya minmaganman. first It’s the first time I’ve ridden a camel. – Bu birinchi marta tuya minishim. Prepositions belong to sb kimgadir tegishli bo’lmoq Those books belong to John Smith. Ana u kitoblar Jon Smisga tegishli. come from (a place) biror yerlik My father comes from Ireland. Otam Irlandiyalik. listen to sb/sth kimnidir/nimanidir tinglamoq, quloq solmoq How often do you listen to the radio? Qanchada bir radio tinglab turasan? live in (a place) biror joyda yashamoq My parents live in a small cottage. Ota-onam kichkina bir kotejda yashashadi. look at sb/sth kimgadir/nimagadir qaramoq Why are you looking at yourself in the mirror? Nima uchun ko’zguda o’zingga qarayapsan? stay at (a place) biror joyda qolmoq We aren’t going out tonight. We’re staying at home. Kechqurun ko’chaga chiqmoqchimasmiz. Uyda qolmoqchimiz. wait for sb/sth kimnidir/nimanidir kutmoq What are you waiting for? Nima kutyapsan? work for sb/sth kimdir/nimadir uchun ishlamoq (…ning ishchisi) My brother works for my father. Akam otam uchun ishlaydi. (ya’ni otamning qo’lida ishchi) He works for a big company. 14 U katta kompaniya uchun ishlaydi (ya’ni katta kompaniyada xodim) Download 1.4 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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