Pro-environmental Behaviour of Tourists in Uzbekistan: Application of Protection Motivation Theory

Completely Agree

So far, I have been involved in environmental protection programs such as tree planting, waste separation and recycling.	□	□	□	□	□
I try to save energy.	□	□	□	□	□
I am involved in increasing the environmental information of my surroundings.	□	□	□	□	□
I do not use disposable tableware.	□	□	□	□	□
I use waste paper.	□	□	□	□	□

Some Questions about Perceived Severity
Please indicate the degree to which you agree or disagree with each item. Choose your response for each statement using a five-point scale, where 1 indicates that you completely disagree with the statement, 2 indicates disagree, 3 indicates that you are unsure, 4 indicates agree, and 5 indicates completely agree.

	Completely Disagree	Disagree	Unsure	Agree	Completely Agree
Environmental pollution has become a serious threat for humankind.	□	□	□	□	□
The negative impacts of natural resource depletion are severe.	□	□	□	□	□
The thought of climate change scares me.	□	□	□	□	□

Some Questions about Perceived Vulnerability
Please indicate the degree to which you agree or disagree with each item. Choose your response for each statement using a five-point scale, where 1 indicates that you completely disagree with the statement, 2 indicates disagree, 3 indicates that you are unsure, 4 indicates agree, and 5 indicates completely agree.

	Completely Disagree	Disagree	Unsure	Agree	Completely Agree
Environmental pollution can negatively affect me.	□	□	□	□	□
I will experience the negative effects of environmental degradation.	□	□	□	□	□
I am vulnerable to the negative effects of climate change.	□	□	□	□	□

Some Questions about Rewards
Please indicate the degree to which you agree or disagree with each item. Choose your response for each statement using a five-point scale, where 1 indicates that you completely disagree with the statement, 2 indicates disagree, 3 indicates that you are unsure, 4 indicates agree, and 5 indicates completely agree.

	Completely Disagree	Disagree	Unsure	Agree	Completely Agree
Devoting time to do personal activities is easier for me than doing pro-environmental activities.	□	□	□	□	□
Using a private vehicle is more comfortable than using public transport with the goal of saving energy.	□	□	□	□	□
Continuing to do things according to my previous standard of living is more profitable than an eco-friendly standard of living	□	□	□	□	□

Some Questions about Self-efficacy
Please indicate the degree to which you agree or disagree with each item. Choose your response for each statement using a five-point scale, where 1 indicates that you completely disagree with the statement, 2 indicates disagree, 3 indicates that you are unsure, 4 indicates agree, and 5 indicates completely agree.

	Completely Disagree	Disagree	Unsure	Agree	Completely Agree
I know how to take precautions to protect environment in everyday life.	□	□	□	□	□
I can handle environmental problems, if I make an effort.	□	□	□	□	□
Whatever happens in terms of the environment, I will be able to handle it.	□	□	□	□	□
I don’t worry much about difficulties, which may arise as a result of global environmental problems because I trust in my ability to cope with them.	□	□	□	□	□

Some Questions about Response-efficacy
Please indicate the degree to which you agree or disagree with each item. Choose your response for each statement using a five-point scale, where 1 indicates that you completely disagree with the statement, 2 indicates disagree, 3 indicates that you are unsure, 4 indicates agree, and 5 indicates completely agree.

	Completely Disagree	Disagree	Unsure	Agree	Completely Agree
Having environmental ethics contributes to reducing environmental risks.	□	□	□	□	□
My contribution to environmental programs certainly has a positive impact on creating the interest and participation of others.	□	□	□	□	□
If I increase my attention to the environment, I can reduce the likelihood of environmental degradation by myself and others.	□	□	□	□	□

Some Questions about Response costs
Please indicate the degree to which you agree or disagree with each item. Choose your response for each statement using a five-point scale, where 1 indicates that you completely disagree with the statement, 2 indicates disagree, 3 indicates that you are unsure, 4 indicates agree, and 5 indicates completely agree.

	Completely Disagree	Disagree	Unsure	Agree	Completely Agree
Taking the steps to reduce environmental problems costs too much money.	□	□	□	□	□
Participation in environmental programs is time consuming for me.	□	□	□	□	□
It is hard for me to comply with environmental protection policies.	□	□	□	□	□

General Socioeconomic and Demographic Questions
Finally, we would like to ask you a few questions about yourself. This information will be used only for statistical purposes. Please select the answer that best describes you.

Please indicate your gender?

• 
  Female
  
• 
  Male
  

Please indicate your marital status?

• 
  Single
  
• 
  Married
  

Please indicate your age?

• 
  18 and 19
  
• 
  20–29
  
• 
  30–39
  
• 
  40–49
  
• 
  50–59
  
• 
  60 and above
  

What is the highest level of education you have completed?

• 
  Less than High school
  
• 
  College Diploma
  
• 
  Undergraduate
  
• 
  Postgraduate and above
  

Please select the category which best describes your line of work.

• 
  Employee
  
• 
  Self-employed
  
• 
  Student
  
• 
  Retiree
  
• 
  Other
  

Please indicate in what of are you reside.

• 
  Urban
  
• 
  Suburban
  
• 
  Rural
  

Do you have membership in environmental organizations?

• 
  Yes
  
• 
  No
  

“Thank you for your participation. All response will be kept private and confidential.”

Appendix B
Spss analysis results
B1. Frequencies

Gender
			Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
Valid	Female	169		54,5	54,5	54,5
	Male	141		45,5	45,5	100,0
	Total	310		100,0	100,0

Marital Status
		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	Married	141	45,5	45,5	45,5
	Single	169	54,5	54,5	100,0
	Total	310	100,0	100,0

Age
		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	18 and 19	58	18,7	18,7	18,7
	20–29	164	52,9	52,9	71,6
	30–39	33	10,6	10,6	82,3
	40–49	19	6,1	6,1	88,4
	50–59	36	11,6	11,6	100,0
	Total	310	100,0	100,0

Education Level
		Frequency		Percent		Valid Percent		Cumulative Percent
Valid	College Diploma		36		11,6		11,6		11,6
	Less than High school		52		16,8		16,8		28,4
	Postgraduate and above		68		21,9		21,9		50,3
	Undergraduate		154		49,7		49,7		100,0
	Total		310		100,0		100,0