Project Management in the Oil and Gas Industry

7.5.4 Execution 
Phase
Now everything is prepared for this stage. This stage requires both qual-
ity assurance and quality control. In the work of reinforced concrete 

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structure, concrete itself consists of various materials such as cement, 
sand, gravel, water, and additives in addition to steel reinforcement and, 
therefore, must be controlled in terms of quality of each article separately 
as well as in the same mixture. The above must be done for quality control 
during the preparation of wooden forms and assembling the steel, casting 
and processing.
Thus, the contractor should have the administrative organization well 
organized in order to achieve quality control in addition to the existence of 
documents that would identify the time and date when work is carried out 
to determine the number of samples of concrete, which is to test pressure 
resistance and to identify the exact time, date, and test result.
Often, during construction there are some changes in the drawings as a 
result of the emergence of some problems at the site during the implemen-
tation or appearance of some ideas and suggestions that reduce the project 
time. Some changes do not negate the imbalance in the quality assurance 
system in the design stage.
After the work, the change must be made in the documents and post 
implementation is modified to get the drawings identical to the site of the 
as-built drawing.
The supervisory authority and the owner must both have their own 
organization, and the two most common cases in projects are the following:
1. Owner has the supervision team on site.
2. Owner chooses a consulting office that performs the design 
and handles the supervision. 
In both cases, there should be strong organization similar to the organi-
zation of the contractor, as it is the tool that controls quality. But, when the 
contractor has a working group who has full knowledge of quality assur-
ance and control, the dispute between the supervisory and the contractor 
will be narrower, where the controversy will not be about the final quality 
of the project. It is very important to the owner that the project is in good 
shape in the end.
You can imagine that if the owner has a competent staff and a strong 
knowledge about QC and QA, while the contractor staff has no knowl-
edge about it, there will be more trouble that will affect the project as a 
whole.
The construction phase shows the strength of the contractor. For inter-
national contractors, the concept of quality assurance is quite clear because 
all the competitors on the international scene, for some time, have been 
working through an integrated system aimed at assuring the quality of 

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work and set quality in all stages of implementation in order to achieve 
total customer satisfaction.
7.5.4.1 ISO and Control Work 
The processes of execution have been developed (ISO 9001 Section 4.9) and 
are illustrated in implementation requirements for access to the required 
quality.
• Control the execution of special operations, environmental 
conditions, specifications, work instructions, procedures, 
control, and follow-up.
• Companies that operate through ISO should develop a plan 
for execution processes, structures, and construction that 
affect the final quality of the project.
• All the actions of the execution process are registered and 
have their own documents and you should make sure that 
there are adequate procedures to ensure that equipment is 
working properly for the duration of the project without any 
malfunction affecting the workflow.
7.5.4.2 Inspection 
Procedures 
The phase of execution will be supplied by all required materials from many 
different locations in addition to the installation of these materials and it is 
the responsibility of the general contractor to make sure that the supply of 
various materials, as well as the construction and installation must be done 
through the required quality.
In the case of construction and installation, there must be specific 
instructions to determine the manner in which they work and the proper 
equipment to be used. 
Investigation is the final quality process of the work or the quality of the 
materials supplied. It requires continuous inspection and testing work and 
the inspection must specify the following:
• The substance to be tested 
• Test 
procedure 
• Equipment required for testing and inspection and calibra-
tion of such equipment
• Inspection 
method
• Environmental conditions required, which will maintain it 
during operation, inspection, and testing

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• The sampling method or the way to choose the appropriate 
sample
• Defining the limits of acceptance and rejection of the sam-
ples tested
The following items are from the ISO 9000 Section 4.11 and the inspec-
tion and measurement test.
• Control 
inspection
• Measurement and test equipment
• Calibration, maintenance, and the surrounding environ-
ment and storage and documents
• Registration and inspections
7.5.4.3 Importance of Contracts in Assuring the Project Quality
Note the diverse type of contracts between the owner and the contractor, as 
well as between owner and engineering office. A contract must be defined 
by the type of the project, which invokes the experience of the owner and 
the department. The existence of a bug in the contract will cause a lot of 
problems that may be difficult to resolve and the additional time will affect 
the final cost of the project.
Therefore, the number of contracts and the review of the included objec-
tive of the project needs to be highly experienced. 
In general, the contract documents contain the drawings and specifica-
tions for the materials, labor, and tools used and must identify the condi-
tions of employment and position, in which the relationship between the 
owner, contractor, supervisory, and engineering facility is defined in the 
decade list, along with the quantities of each item and price, as in the case 
of indexation. 
Other essential items are usually overlooked by the engineers in oil and 
gas projects, such as the requirements for health, safety, and the environ-
ment, which determine the disposition and the cost in the case of injury or 
sickness at the site and calculate taxes and courts that are referenced in the 
event of disagreement, etc. Often overlooked are administrative items that 
are not as important as the engineering items that have been mentioned.
7.5.4.4 Checklists
The ISO 9001 selects who conducts the review process and some of 
the menus that contain questions from the manufacturer or internal 

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Project Management in the Oil and Gas Industry
departments. When you read the questions in the lists, you will find that 
they cover many important aspects of basics and quality control in all 
stages of the manufacturing or implementation of products.
Checklists contain the following specific questions, which are with the 
auditors of public review of the company’s performance with other lists 
in the special design phase and implementation phase and those lists are 
detailed with questions to control the full and comprehensive review of the 
quality system at the stage of design and implementation.
7.5.4.4.1 Checklists for Reviewers
This is an itemized description of the item questions.