Proper Nouns (atoqli) Common Nouns(turdosh) Abstract Nouns(mavhum)
Izoh: lekin ko’pchilik baliq turlar birlikdan ko’plikka aylanganda “s” qo’shiladi
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NOUNS1
- Bu sahifa navigatsiya:
- Sanalmaydigan otlarga quyidagilar kiradi.
- RULE: ba’zan uncountable otlarni miqdor ko’rsatkichlarini ko’rsatib ularni countable singular va pluralga aylantirish mumkin. Singular
- Ularni pluralga aylantirish uchun quyidagicha
- Izoh: Qo’shma ot prelofli bo’lsa ko’plik shakli predlogdan oldinga beriladi
- Collective Nouns – Collective noun deb bir gurux kishilarni o’z ichiga olgan otlarga deyiladi Jamlovchi ot 2 ga bo’linadi
- Congress family group committee class organization team army club crowd jury public government fire-brigade staff
- B. Quyidagi jamlovchi otlar doim ko’plik deb tushunilib ular bilan doim ko’plik keim ishlatiladi. Ularning deyarli hammasisifatdan ot ma’nosiga ko’chganlardir.
- RULE: ba’zan odam, o’simlik, hayvonlar va predmetlar miqdor ko’rsatkichlarini ko’rsatib ishlatiladi. Ularga miqdor ko’rsatkichiga qarab kesim shakli tanlanadi.
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Izoh: lekin ko’pchilik baliq turlar birlikdan ko’plikka aylanganda “s” qo’shiladi.
crab crabs herring herrings sardine sardines eel eels lobster lobsters shark sharks Uncountable Noun Barcha sanab bo’lmaydigan otlarga sanalmaydigan ot deyiladi. Sanalmaydigan otlarning kesimi doim birlikdir. Sanalmaydigan ot lar bilan yo Zero article yo the ish-di. Ular bilan a/an ishlatilmaydi Sanalmaydigan otlarga quyidagilar kiradi. air, athletics, avalanche, Baggage, baggage, Baseball, beer, Blood bread, butter, camping, cash, chalk, champagne, change, cheese, Chemistry, cloth, clothing, Coffee corn, cotton, cream, damage, darkness, dew, dirt, dust, earthquake, electricity, engineering, equipment, fire, flour, fog, food, fruit, furniture, furniture, garbage, Gasoline gin, glass, gold, grass, gravity, hail, hair, hardware, heat, history, humidity, Ice iron, jam, jewelry, junk, light, lightning, literature, luggage, luggage, machinery, mathematics, meat, Milk News, nitrogen, Oil oxygen, paper, parking, pepper, physics, politics, pollution, postage, rain, Rice, salt, sand, scenery, shopping, silver, sleet, smog, smoke, snow, soap, soccer, Soup Steam, sugar, sunshine Tea tennis, thunder, traffic, Water Weather, wheat, wind, wine, wood, wool, I eat rice every day. The baggage was heavy. The weather is fine. There's sand in my shoes. Ann was listening to (some) music. Have you got any money? It wasn't your fault. It was bad luck. There is no electricity in this house. We haven't got enough water. Abstract Nouns Ko’rib, tegib, eshitib, hidlab, tatib bo’lmaydigan otlarga MAVHUM otlar deyiladi. accommodation adoration Advice, artistry Beauty, behavior damage belief bravery bread calm chaos charity childhood comfort compassion confidence, courage, dexterity education, ego energy, enjoyment, evidence, failure faith friendship fun, furniture Grammar, happiness hate health, help, Homework, honesty hope hospitality, house work, humor humor importance, impression infatuation information intelligence, joy justice, knowledge, laughter, law liberty love loyalty luck luggage maturity memory music, news omen patience, peace permission power pride principle progress proof, recreation, redemption romance sadness sanity scenery sensitivity significance, skill slang, space, strictness success sympathy talent thrill Time, traffic truth, violence, vocabulary wealth, weather wit work, I'm going to buy some bread. or .. a loaf of bread. (not 'a bread') Enjoy your holiday! I hope you have good weather. (not 'a good weather') Where are you going to put all your furniture? (not 'furnitures') RULE: Quyidagi otlar ma’nosiga ko’ra ham sanaladigan ham sanalmaydigan bo’lishi mumkin Time / Times a) time – unc – vaqt How much time do we have. Time is money. b) times – count – marta How many times have you been to Uzbekistan? Experience Experience – unc – bilim/malaka Dr.Brown has much experience in physics. An experience / Experiences – count – sarguzasht He has many life experiences. Hair Hair – unc – umuman soch His hair is black A hair / hairs – count – donalab sanasak There is a hair in my soup. Whenever she finds a grey hair she pulls it out Stone Stone – unc – umuman tosh We need much stone to build a house. A stone / stones – donalab sanab bo’lsa He threw a stone at me. Potato Potato – unc – ovqat shaklida We had some potato for lunch A potato/ potatoes – count – xom shaklda We need three potatoes to cook something. Chicken Chicken – unc – ovqat shaklida We had some chicken in the morning. A chicken/chickens – count tirik jo’ja I have a chicken. They bought many chickens. Paper Paper – unc – yozuv qog’ozi The writer needs much paper to publish his books. A paper/papers – count – gazeta Beer/coffee/wine/gin Beer/coffee/wine/gin – unc – umuman We had some beer She drank strong coffee We ordered some wine A beer(beers) /a coffee (coffees) /a wine (wines) /a gin (gins) – count – stakan tushunilsa Doctors recommend limiting consumption to two coffees a day. I ordered a beer. I ordered 2 beers. I had a coffee. I had 3 coffees. Work Work – unc – ish She did much work Works – count – asarlar I read some works of W.Shakespeare. Wood Wood – unc – yog’och We need much wood to build a house. A wood/woods – count – o’rmon We walked in a wood. Glass
Glass – unc – shisha We need some glass for the window. A glass/glasses – count – stakan I need a glass. RULE: ba’zan uncountable otlarni miqdor ko’rsatkichlarini ko’rsatib ularni countable singular va pluralga aylantirish mumkin. Singular a bale of cotton a bar of chocolate a bar of soap a basket of fruit a bit of news A block of ice A bottle of water a bowl of rice A box/packet of cereal A breath of air a bundle of hay a cake of soap A carton of orange juice a cloud of dust a column of smoke a crate of fruit a cup of tea(coffee) a drop of oil a drop of rain a fall of rain a fall of snow a glass of water a grain of sand a harvest of wheat/corn a heap of rubbish A jar of jam A kilo of cheese a kilo of rice a layer of soil/dirt A loaf of bread a lump of sugar a mass of hair a pane of glass A piece / slice of bread a piece of advice A piece of information. A piece of wood A piece of/a sheet of paper a pot of jam a ream of paper a reel of thread/film a roll of film/cloth a set of china a sheaf of corn a sheaf of grain a sheaf of wheat a sheet of paper a shower of rain a slice of cheese A sort of work a stack of corn a stack of hay a stack of timber a stack of wood a stock of wood a suite of furniture A tin of paint A tube of tooth paste a tuft of grass a tuft of hair Ularni pluralga aylantirish uchun quyidagicha 2 grains of sand 3 bars of chocolate 3 drops of oil 3 kilos of rice A few cakes of soap a lot panes of glass a number cups of tea five litres of coffee. many bits of news many bowls of rice many slices of cheese plenty glasses of water several pots of jam some glasses of water some lumps of sugar some pieces of advice some sheet of paper Some sorts of work Three grains of sand. COMPOUND NOUNS Bir ot ikkinchi otga qo’shilib yangi ma’no chiqarsa bunga qo’shma ot deyiladi. Qo’shma otning birnchisi aniqlovchi, ikkinchisi esa asosiy otdir. Ularni ko’plikka aylantirish uchun ikkinchisiga ko’plik shakli beriladi
Izoh: Qo’shma ot prelofli bo’lsa ko’plik shakli predlogdan oldinga beriladi: sister-in-law sisters-in-law hanger-on hangers-on looker-on lookers-on Izoh: Qisqartmalarni to’g’ridan to’g’ri ko’plikka aylantiramiz: MP MPs (Members of Parliament) VIP VIPs (very important persons) OAP OAPs (old age pensioners) UFO UFOs (unidentified flying objects) Collective Nouns – Collective noun deb bir gurux kishilarni o’z ichiga olgan otlarga deyiladi Jamlovchi ot 2 ga bo’linadi: Quyidagi jamlovchi otlar ma’nosiga ko’ra kesimning birlik yoiki ko’plik shakli tanlanadi. Agar shunchaki o’z ma’nosida tushunilsa yani umumiy ma’lumot berilsa birlik kesim ishlatiladi. Agar ichidagi kishilar harakati alohida alohida tushunilsa ko’plik kesim ishlatiladi. Congress family group committee class organization team army club crowd jury public government fire-brigade staff audience army company crew orchestra navy public The family is old and famous. The family are happy about gifts Liverpool is leading 1-0. Liverpool are attacking again. Our team is the best. Our team are playing well today. The staff is in a meeting. The staff are in disagreement about the salaries. The orchestra consists of eighty six musicians. The orchestra don’t know what to play. B. Quyidagi jamlovchi otlar doim ko’plik deb tushunilib ular bilan doim ko’plik keim ishlatiladi. Ularning deyarli hammasisifatdan ot ma’nosiga ko’chganlardir. The Police, the poor, the rich, the sick, the unemployed, the wounded, the dead, the blind, the deaf, the lame, the young, the old, the sick, the disabled, the homeless, Have the police arrested the thief? The rich are getting richer and the poor are getting poorer. The wounded were taken to hospital The Police are coming. RULE: ba’zan odam, o’simlik, hayvonlar va predmetlar miqdor ko’rsatkichlarini ko’rsatib ishlatiladi. Ularga miqdor ko’rsatkichiga qarab kesim shakli tanlanadi. Quyidagilar hayvon va o’simlik to’da nomlari. PEOPLE
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