Questions for final assessment What is phonetic training?
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Questions for final assessment What is phonetic training? This technique is quite demanding as it includes phonetically transcribed words or texts. Learners need to be acquainted with phonemic symbols for consonants and vowels and need to be able to connect them to individual sounds. What are minimal pair drills? Words which have the same pronunciation except one phoneme are called minimal pairs (man/men, bright/bride, tin/thin, sin/sing, etc.). This technique helps learners to recognize differences between sounds and it helps them to articulate individual sounds. In practicing minimal pair drills, learners should first differentiate, then recognize the sounds and finally to imitate the minimal pairs with correct sounds. Most popular and common pronunciation teaching techniques recommended by… AMEP (2002), Celce-Murcia, Brinton, Goodwin (2002), Reid (2014), Morley (1991), O’Connor (1993), Baker (2006), Hancock (1995), Hudson (2012) with the focus on age suitability are analysed below. What is imitative method in teaching pronunciation? Imitative method is natural and simple. But it is based on unconscious acquisition of the language and its pronunciation. Imitation requires from the teacher accurate pronunciation and from the pupil sharp hearing ability. Imitative method can be used alone when the existing pronunciation skill has a positive influence, but the analyzed method is always accompanied by imitation. What is analyzed method in teaching pronunciation? Analyzed method, on the contrary, requires the work through consciousness, which results in the development logical thinking. Understanding, thinking out and uttering of pronunciation unit is fulfilled through analysis. The main requirements to the FL specialists are followings… the information, cultural and professional literacy. Communicative culture fulfills the following functions… informative, affective, regulative, motivational and reflexive. Professional literacy of FL teachers includes the following components… 1) linguistic (lexical, grammatical, phonetic); 2) communicative (speaking, listening, reading, writing); 3) linguo-cultural; 4) social-cultural; 5) subjective (informativethematic, conceptual) and 6) methodological According to Višňovský and Kačáni (2005), we can distinguish the following competencies: a)interpretation-when teachers mediate knowledge, update it and use optimal teaching methods in the process of education. B) selfcreation-teachers make inquiries for the purpose of self development, they are the creators of own pedagogical knowledge c) realization- when the work of teachers is focused on the realization of the set educational goals and values with not only one class, but the whole school This type of assessment measures what the student achieves when given some teaching in an unfamiliar topic or field. What type of assessment is it? Dynamic assessment measures What is plurilingualism? Plurilingualism is the ability of an individual to use multiple languages for effective communication and interaction with others. In this context, "pluri" refers to "many" and "lingual" refers to "language". It involves proficiency in, or knowledge of, more than one language, and the ability to use them effectively in varying situations, such as social, cultural, academic and professional settings. It is not only about mastering different languages, but also about understanding the cultural and social contexts in which they are used. Plurilingualism is essential for individuals living in a globalized world where different languages are spoken and used, allowing for broader communication and understanding. The test is accepted by most Australian, British, Canadian, European, Irish and New Zealand academic institutions, by over 3,000 academic institutions in the United States, and by various professional organisations across the world. it is ……IELTS Which band is considered as an expert user in IELTS? Band 9 The Test was first developed by the National Council on the Testing of English as a Foreign Language, group of educators and government officials formed in 1962 for the purpose of creating an English-language assessment for international students who wished to study at universities in the United States. TOEFL The first TOEFL thus included five distinct sections that evaluated … reading comprehension, vocabulary, listening comprehension, English structure, and grammar, entirely with multiple-choice questions Here, the greatest objectivity achieved by taking into account the number of errors in the speech, estimate the rate of speech and a number of other performance indicators. Quantitative assessment of performance Completeness of disclosure topics compliance statements job skill adequately express their thoughts in a given speech situation and etc. Quantitative assessment Can understand a wide range of demanding, longer texts, and recognise implicit meaning. Can express him/herself fluently and spontaneously without much obvious searching for expressions. Can use language flexibly and effectively for social, academic and professional purposes. Can produce clear, well-structured, detailed text on complex subjects, showing controlled use of organisational patterns, connectors and cohesive devices. User C1 Can understand with ease virtually everything heard or read. Can summarise information from different spoken and written sources, reconstructing arguments and accounts in a coherent presentation. Can express him/herself spontaneously, very fluently and precisely, differentiating finer shades of Proficient meaning even in more complex situations. User C2 Which band is considered as an advanced user in CEFR? C1 … represent planned educational endeavors that are executed within the framework of the school, outside regular lessons, and which provide an area of interest and, in addition, an all-round affirmation of a pupil's personality. . Extracurricular activities According to the scientists MacIntyre and Gardner what reduces the level of anxiety which is very common reaction at early stages in teaching speaking? Communicate During Speaking Activities Teachers Should... During speaking activities ,teacher should: Encourage participation,Listen actively,Provide feedback,Use prompts and prompts,Create a safe space What is informal speaking? Informal speaking is typically used with family and friends, or people you know well. What is formal speaking? • Formal speaking occurs in business or academic situations, or when meeting people for the first time. How is metalanguage used in language? In logic and linguistics, a metalanguage is a language used to describe another language, often called the object language. Which activity is good for activating existing vocabulary or revising vocabulary studied in previous lessons? Definitions lists This activity is good for activating existing vocabulary or revising vocabulary studied in previous lessons. Which activity can be adapted to revise a range of tenses (present simple, past simple, continuous, future tenses) by changing the time prompts? What were you doing? In which activity students work in pairs and the information, i.e. the pictures, are divided equally between them. Students must work collaboratively to put the story together in the right order. Suitable for strong pre-intermediate students and above? Information gap activity: Order the story. What is the Whole-word Approach? The Whole-word Approach teaches kids to read by sight and relies upon memorization via repeat exposure to the written form of a word paired with an image and an audio. What is Linguistic method? Linguistic method This method uses a "whole word" approach. Words are taught in word families, or similar spelling patterns, and only as whole words. The student is not directly taught the relationship between letters and sounds, but learns them through minimal word differences. As the child progresses, words that have irregular spellings are introduced as sight words. Which method employs tracing, hearing, writing, and seeing are often referred to as VAKT (visual, auditory, kinesthetic, tactile) methods? Multisensory approaches What is Neurological Impress Technique? • Neurological Impress Technique This is a rapid-reading technique. The instructor reads a passage at a fairly rapid rate, with the instructor's voice directed into the student's ear. The teacher begins as the dominant reading voice, but gradually the student spends more time leading these sessions In which approach material is written by the child and teacher for reading using each child's experience? This can be done in small groups and individually. Language experience approach In which technique the cloze procedure is based upon the Gestalt principle of closure? Reading comprehension support Which language was a lingua franca for speaking to foreigners in 16-17 cent.? French What were peculiarities of learning languages in 15-17 cent? Which factors did increase the demand for language learning in 1900th? International travel, business, international social and cultural exchange Which method implented the way that children learn language and applied it to adult language learning? Input Hypothesis What are basic objectives of FL teaching in Uzbekistan? The main periods of teaching FL in Uzbekistan were defined by R.A.Zaripova and some periods was clarified and added by J.J.Jalalov. Taking into consideration J.JJalalov's clarifications the history of teaching and learning FL in Uzbekistan can be divided into the following periods: -the I period - before 1917; -the II period - from 1917 up to the beginning of 1930; -the III period - from 1930 up to the first half of 1940; -the IV period - from the middle of 1940 up to the beginning of 1960; -the V period - from 1960 up to the beginning of 1970; -the VI period - from 1970 up to 1990; -the VII period - from 1991 - to the present time The “Critical Thinking” technology is… Critical thinking is an invaluable skill that students need to be successful in their professional and personal lives. Instructors can be thoughtful and purposeful about creating learning objectives that promote lower and higher-level critical thinking skills, and about using technology to implement activities that support these learning objectives. What is flipped classroom model? Flipped Classrooms: The flipped classroom model, involving lecture and practice at home via computerguided instruction and interactive learning activities in class, can allow for an expanded curriculum. There is little investigation on the student learning outcomes of flipped classrooms. Student perceptions about flipped classrooms are mixed, but generally positive, as they prefer the cooperative learning activities in class over lecture. What is the goal of linguo-cultural approach? linguo-cultural approach matches many of the goals of Communicative Language Teaching by seeking: 1) an integration of linguistic and cultural learning to facilitate communication and interaction; 2) the potential co-teaching/co-learning language and culture to prepare learners to communicate with the representatives of the native speakers and non-native speakers in English in an appropriate way. English has become an international language or a lingua franca (language-mediator), that's why the bounds of usage the EL have been extended. Which approach gives an opportunity to interpret the language meaning as a result of cultural experience? Lingua-cultural approach The direct method… The Direct Method is a method “in which a new word or expression is connected in the pupil’s mind directly with what it stands for and not through the medium of vernacular.” According to Webster’s New International Dictionary, “Direct Method is a method of teaching a foreign language, especially a modern language through conversation, discussion and reading in the language itself without use of the pupil’s language, without translation and without the study of formal grammar. The words are first taught by pointing to object or picture or by performing action.” The audio-lingual method... a method of foreign language teaching where the emphasis is on learning grammatical and phonological structure, especially for speaking and listening. It is based on behaviourism and so relies on formation as a basis for learning, through a great deal of mechanical repetition. “…They develop well when given plenty of examples and patterns to follow. They tend to have a much shorter attention span and need activities that capture their immediate interest. They also need much in the way of «sensory input» т that is, they need to have many or all of their five senses stimulated at once.” Which age group does this characteristic refer to? Young learners “…these learners have longer attention spans and can handle learning that requires more cognition and abstract thinking. They tend to respond well to the teaching of grammatical rules. They may not be as willing to be «risk-takers», and generally need to feel respected” Which age group does this characteristic refer to? Adults “…Their age coincide with a time of rapid transition and change, both mentally and physically. They begin to develop more cognitive ability, they can be exposed to language learning techniques that require more logical and/or abstract thinking. Attention span begins to lengthen, but there are also more distractions of an emotional nature”. Which age group does this characteristic refer to? Teenagers “This is especially helpful in teaching students how to write and read in another language, allowing them to explore interchangeable words and phrases (i.e., different words for different tenses) more effectively than a verbal teaching method.Class activities or learning games are rarely necessary, as students are translating text to another language directly”Which method does this characteristic refer to? Grammar Translation Method What are significant advantages of Grammar Translation Method? significant advantages of GTM: • The teachers need a few specialized skills on particular topics. • Students get the opportunity to achieve maximum accuracy on targeted language. • The learners have to read the classic literature which develops their mental and intellectual ability. • Literature also helps to enrich multiple potentials of the learners. • The leaners have to memorize a lot of vocabularies which help them to make different kinds of sentences. • GTM also helps students to improve the reading and writing proficiency of the targeted language. What are considerable disadvantages of Grammar Translation Method? Let us know the considerable disadvantages of GTM: • The students get less opportunity to engage in several segments, unlike Communicative Language Teaching. • Grammar Translation Method mainly a teacher-centred method that’s why learners get less opportunity to interact with the teachers. • The students are not offered to produce their own sentences in the classroom. • They get less opportunity to develop their speaking and listening skills. • Oral interaction is avoided in GTM. • In GTM accuracy is more emphasized then fluency. • The leaners can develop their reading and writing skills but fail to communicate with the real world. • The Grammar Translation Method may make the language learning experience uninspiring and boring. • The Grammar Translation Method may also leave the students with a sense of frustration when they travel to countries where the studied language is used (they can’t understand what people say and have to struggle mightily to express themselves at the most basic level) • This method neither approaches nor encourages the students’ communicative competence. This teaching technique was initially called the Army Method, and was the first to be based on linguistic theory and behavioral psychology, developed during World War II Audio-lingual method Download 75.33 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: 
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