Recent insights into polysaccharide-based hydrogels and their potential applications in food sector: a review
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A. Manzoor et al.
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 213 (2022) 987–1006 992 1.1.6. Hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel Natural hyaluronic acid (HA) is a versatile and fascinating macro- molecule. HA is an important part of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and plays a vital role in a variety of biological activities. Because it is biodegradable, biocompatible, and non-immunogenic, HA is an inter- esting starting material to develop hydrogels with adequate form, bioactivity, and stiffness [89] . HA hydrogels are developed through cross linkings coupled with the addition of various derivates that defines their modifications in chemical aspect [90] . The reasons for HA hydrogels being the potential candidates for therapeutic and biomedical applications are credited to their anti-bacterial, adhesion, and stimuli- responsive approach [91,92] . Antioxidant agents can be added to HA-based hydrogels that improve their overall antioxidant activity without compromising the structure and thermal properties. In this regard, Chuysinuan et al. [93] fabricated a composite chitosan/hydrolyzed collagen/hyaluronic acid hydrogel loaded with caffeic acid as an antioxidant agent and witnessed an upsurge in burst release of caffeic acid up to 80%coupled with su- perior swelling behavior and antioxidant activity. The intriguing concept has been offered for the development of a NIR/temperature-responsive platform. Gold nanorods were combined with a HA supramolecular hydrogel made by combining cyclodextrin and adamantane in an inclusion complexation in a microfluidic mixing device to construct the platform. The presence of nanorods produced heating in response to NIR irradiation, leading supramolecular con- nections to collapse and networks to be disrupted. It was also discovered that self-assembled hydrogels were made from HA functionalized with azobenzene and -cyclodextrin. UV exposures caused reversible changes in crosslink density and, as a result, mesh size in the hydrogels. These alterations were used to modulate drug release profiles, and the ability to release drugs under various UV irradiations was also assessed [94] . In another study, Kwon et al. [95] looked at the use of pH-sensitive hydrogels made of hyaluronic acid and hydroxyethyl cellulose as transdermal delivery methods for the treatment of skin lesions. The hydrogels were created by Michael's addition of HA and hydroxyethyl cellulose, using divinyl sulfone as a crosslinking agent, and their phys- icochemical attributes were also analyzed. After that, isoliquiritigenin, an antibacterial agent, was loaded into hydrogels, and the efficiency of its release was tested in vitro at various pH levels. Because of electro- static repulsions between the carboxylate groups of HA, the amount of isoliquiritigenin released increased when pH rose beyond 7, increasing mesh size. 1.1.7. Salecan base on hydrogel Salecan, a water-soluble 1,3-glucan secreted by the Agrobacterium sp. ZX09 has become an important polysaccharide to prepare hydrogel due to its biofunctionality and susceptibility to chemical treatment. Wei et al. [96] mentioned a free radical polymerization approach to develop salecan/poly (N-isopropyl acrylamide) (salecan/PNIPAM) hydrogels with chemically cross-linked polymer network (PNIPAM) and physically entrapped salecan polysaccharide. The characteristics of developed salecan/PNIPAM hydrogels, such as swelling ratios and mechanical behaviors, can be efficiently adjusted by customizing the content of salecan in a pre-gel solution. One more study supported the fact that salecan in association with N, N, N-trimethyl chitosan can be used for developing novel polyelectrolyte complexes that could efficiently encapsulate natural polyphenols (e.g., green tea polyphenols) with their property (swelling/rheological/morphological) decided by the amount of the constituting polysaccharides. In another study, Qi et al. [97] used the cyclic freeze-thaw method to make salecan/PVA hydrogels, which showed significant improvements in cell adhesion ability of PVA-based hydrogels when compared to PVA-only controls. High elasticity, biocompatibility, stability, and biodegradability were found in the results. Qi et al. [98] used a one-step free-radical polymerization for the development of pH-sensitive hydrogels comprised of acrylic acid, acrylamide, and salecan for drug delivery. For the production of sale- can/poly (acrylamide-acrylic acid) (salecan/PMA) hydrogels, BIS was utilized as the cross-linker, APS as initiator, and N, N, N ′ , N ′ -tetrame- thylethylenediamine (TEMED) as the accelerator. The guest network was Salecan, whereas the host network was poly (acrylamide-acrylic acid). The thermogravimetric (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spec- troscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), tests confirmed that the salecan polysaccharides were efficiently incorporated into the PMA hydrogel matrices. By altering the salecan content during the hydrogel precursor's creation process, the swelling characteristics, shape, and mechanical strength can be precisely adjusted. Insulin was encapsulated into the polymer networks using swelling– diffusion process and used as a drug prototype after that. The salecan/PMA hydrogels were shown to be non-toxic in cell toxicity and viability tests. Moreover, polyelectrolyte complex hydrogels help in the targeted delivery of nutrients in our body thereby enhancing human health for example., for the safe and efficient transport and utilization and sustainable release of vitamin C in the intestine, salecan and chitosan hydrogels were developed [99] . Download 1.62 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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