Regional terms

A school is both the educational institution and building designed to provide learning spaces and learning environments for the teaching of students under the direction of teachers. Most countries have systems of formal education, which is sometimes compulsory.^[2] In these systems, students progress through a series of schools that can be built and operated by both government and private organization. The names for these schools vary by country (discussed in the Regional terms section below) but generally include primary school for young children and secondary school for teenagers who have completed primary education. An institution where higher education is taught is commonly called a university college or university.
In addition to these core schools, students in a given country may also attend schools before and after primary (elementary in the U.S.) and secondary (middle school in the U.S.) education.^[3] Kindergarten or preschool provide some schooling to very young children (typically ages 3–5). University, vocational school, college or seminary may be available after secondary school. A school may be dedicated to one particular field, such as a school of economics or dance. Alternative schools may provide nontraditional curriculum and methods.
Non-government schools, also known as private schools,^[4] may be required when the government does not supply adequate or specific educational needs. Other private schools can also be religious, such as Christian schools, gurukula (Hindu schools), madrasa (Arabic schools), hawzas (Shi'i Muslim schools), yeshivas (Jewish schools), and others; or schools that have a higher standard of education or seek to foster other personal achievements. Schools for adults include institutions of corporate training, military education and training and business schools.
Critics of school often accuse the school system of failing to adequately prepare students for their future lives,^[5] of encouraging certain temperaments while inhibiting others,^[6] of prescribing students exactly what to do, how, when, where and with whom, which would suppress creativity,^[7] and of using extrinsic measures such as grades and homework, which would inhibit children's natural curiosity and desire to learn.^[8]
In homeschooling and distance education, teaching and learning take place independent from the institution of school or in a virtual school outside a traditional school building, respectively. Schools are organized in several different organizational models, including departmental, small learning communities, academies, integrated, and schools-within-a-school.

A school is an educational environment where children go to learn from a teacher. Topics such as reading, writing, and mathematics are central to education.

Most of a student's time is spent in a classroom. This is where 10 to 30 people sit to take part in educational discussion. In the United States, the average number of students per classroom in primary schools is 23.1.^[1]
The term "school" is used for many educational environments – particularly in North America. In North America a person taking a first degree at a university is often self-described as "going to school". In Europe that would never be the case. They would describe themselves as "going to university". The style of university education can be so different between countries.
There are different types of schools: elementary schools (primary in the UK), middle schools (secondary in the UK), and so on.
In many places around the world, children must go to school for a certain number of years. Learning may take place in the classroom, in outside environments or on visits to other places. Colleges and universities are places to learn for students over 17 or 18 years of age.^[2] Vocational schools teach skills people need for jobs.
Some people attend school longer than others. This is because some jobs require more training than others, like for example becoming a doctor takes about 10-14 years of education.^[3] For young children, one teacher may teach all subjects. Teachers for older students are more specialized, and they only teach a few subjects. Common subjects taught include science, arts such as music, humanities, like geography and history, and languages.
Children with mental health problems, and problems such as autism and other conditions, usually do not go to regular schools. These children are given other ways to get schooling, like special schools. There also are special schools which teach things which regular schools do not.
Graduate schools are in universities. They are for students who have graduated with a first degree from colleges and universities. The aim is to offer Masters and PhD courses to the best students.
Schools for boys and schools for girls[change | change source]
Education for all is quite modern. In England, for example, most people could not read or write, even early in the 19th century. We know this because when they got married, those who could not write put an 'X' on the certificate, and someone else wrote down their name. Widespread education for reading and writing began in the 19th century.
Long ago, most schools were run by religious denominations. That is because clerics were once almost the only people who were literate: they were able to read and write.
In most countries boys were taught differently to girls, and separately from girls. Today, many countries have schools which accept both boys and girls, though some places still have separate schools for girls. Some parents believe that girls do better in single-sex schools.
School as a place to learn for life[change | change source]
In many parts of the world, schools also help children learn things about life.

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  In school, pupils develop their personality.
  
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  Schools teach pupils about religion and ethics.
  
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  Schools help children recognise socially accepted norms and behaviour.
  

Pedagogy is the science of teaching children. Different schools use different ways of teaching. There is quite a lot of disagreement about what and how students should be taught.^[4] Many countries solve this by allowing different types of school, so parents and children have some choice. Choices may include home education, which is a controversial idea. Few people do this. Even in pre-modern times most children were taught in groups. Age-grouping is also ancient. It was done in many African tribes for a long time before the present.
Comprehensive schools[change | change source]
A British term which means roughly "a secondary school for all children in a particular neighbourhood". It includes the idea of taking both boys and girls in one school, and the idea of taking children of all abilities. In practice it has many of the problems which are endemic in American high schools. Among its main faults are said to be: putting girls and boys together at the sensitive time of puberty, and the behavioural problems associated with having such a wide range of young people in a large school. Evidence for lowered standards for examinations are disputed, but widely believed to be true.^[4]
Hatred of school[change | change source]
Some school children really hate school. Maybe it really does nothing for some people. But in many countries it is compulsory, and expensive for the taxpayer. The growth of knowledge means many parents could not hope to teach their own children all that a school could teach. The downside is that many schools do not teach effectively nor prepare children for their adulthood.
Boarding school[change | change source]
Boarding schools are schools where children are sent to live on a school campus without their parents. They are expensive, and so are chosen by parents with means. They are not for the average family. They are usually elite schools with the best teachers that money can buy. Children may even be sent to another country. Switzerland is one of the favoured countries. On the other hand, most western countries have first-rate boarding schools. In England, many public schools are boarding schools. The term "public school" here has a special meaning: it really means "private school". The history of the terms is the explanation for this.
Benefits of using boarding school is that students may develop skills for working with their peers. Boarding schools' education is well-known for being more challenging (in various senses).
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