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1.2.Brief information of The works of Theodore Dreiser
Novels A bibliography of Dreiser's works usually begins with his novel Sister Carrie (1900). With this work, Dreiser continued the realistic tradition of American writers of the late 19th century (F. Norris, S. Crane), but already in the context of the decline of this movement. Critics and society greeted the novel with extreme hostility as an "immoral" work. Without superstitions and typical puritanism of that time, Dreiser gave a realistic image of a girl who challenged the generally accepted moral views. Only in 1911, Dreiser published his second novel, Jenny Gerhardt, in which Sister Carrie develops themes. The American press kept quiet about the publication of the novel.
With The Financier (1912), Dreiser began his monumental Trilogy of Desires. It is based on the life story of millionaire Ch. Yerkes. The hero of the "Trilogy" (the second volume - "Titan", 1914; the third volume - "Stoic" - Dreiser began in January 1929) - Frank Cowperwood; Dreiser shows how the bourgeois and commercial environment that surrounded Cowperwood from childhood formed in him the psychology of a businessman and buyer, if they help him achieve power and wealth. Starting with small speculations, Cowperwood gradually accumulates wealth, bribes officials and the municipality, illegally receives city privileges in Philadelphia, but in the end he is defeated, goes to prison, and then is forced to leave Philadelphia. In Titan, Dreiser describes Cowperwood's life in Chicago, where the form of his work in Philadelphia is repeated on an expanded basis.
"Trilogy of Desires" is the most important work of American and European literature of the 20th century. Dreiser describes the lifestyle and customs of the financial environment with great graphic power.
Conservative attacks intensified especially after the publication of Dreiser's novel Genius in 1916. the best part... At the request of the society for the elimination of vice presidents, the court banned the distribution of the novel, and only then this ban was lifted. The theme of the novel is the power of money and emotion over art. The hero of the novel, Whitla, an artist, whose goal is only art and women. This destroys his creativity, he becomes a successful businessman, loses his artistic ability.
In the novel "American Tragedy" (1925)¹⁴, Dreiser creates the average American young Griffiths, ill-educated, careless, weak-willed people. The essence of the tragedy of Griffiths, who ends his life in the electric chair, is his inability to adapt to the surrounding reality, to move forward, to gain a special position, to enter bourgeois circles. Griffiths is a victim of America's fake democracy. As in all his novels, in "American Tragedy" Dreiser gives a wide picture of the customs and daily life of the environment he describes. The novel is one of the most successful works of the writer. After its release, it immediately received good reviews from critics. In 1930, Paramount Pictures gave the script to Soviet director Sergei Eisenstein. However, after a month, the contract is canceled - the script does not suit the studio. In addition, the Hollywood Technical Director Institute begins to criticize the director of the USSR. In 1931, Dreiser sued the studio. According to the writer, the meaning of his book was distorted in the film directed by Joseph von Sternberg.
Dreiser is a nature painter. He builds his works on the basis of vast observational and experimental materials. His art is the art of portraying with precision and accuracy. Dreiser conveys daily life in the smallest detail, he presents documents, sometimes taken almost from reality (the letters of Roberta Alden are given almost entirely in American Tragedy), he quotes from the press and explains his characters' speculations in the stock market, his closely follows the development of z business, etc. American critics have repeatedly accused Dreiser of methodological shortcomings, not understanding the uniqueness of his naturalistic style.
Dreiser in all his works tends to social themes, which does not prevent him from being an artist-psychologist. Accepting public themes, he transfers them to the plane of the individual psyche, as a result, shows the psychological individual side of large social phenomena. Dreiser's vast limitation of subject matter is matched by his profundity.
In November 1932, Dreiser signed a contract with Paramount to direct Jenny Gerhardt. In 1944, the American Academy of Arts and Letters awarded Dreiser with the "Gold Medal" ¹⁵for outstanding achievements in the field of art and literature.