Research into linguistic interference

Dozens ran past the APC – *Několik tuctů jich proběhlo kolem APC (desítky, 
spousty, mraky), His long, sandy hair – *Dlouhé pískově žluté vlasy (nazrzlý, 
zrzavý). 
To conclude, Thorovský conducts his research on a very specific corpus and 
classifies the instances of interference according to clearly defined types. He 
focuses strictly on lexical interference because he states that this one is the 
most common in translations. Unfortunately, in his paper, he does not mention 
the concrete results from his analysis as far as the frequency of the individual 
types is concerned.  
 
3.2.  Classification of the Three Key Factors in Interference according 
to Hopkinson  
Christopher Hopkinson deals with linguistic interference in L2 translations 
(from Czech into English). He does not provide a clear classification of 
interference (he does not classify the types of mistakes according to specific 
types) but he rather explores the key factors that participate in the occurrence of 
interference. Generally, Hopkinson explores interference in lexis, word-
formation, grammar and syntax which means that he focuses his attention even 
above the word level. To show schematically his division, the outline of his 
paper is as follows (the three key factors in interference): 
1.  Inadequate reference materials 
-  Segmentation of the semantic field 
-  Exact syntactic equivalence in lexical interference 
2.  Generalisation from false hypotheses 
-  Lexical generalisation: False cognates 

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-  Generalisation in word-formation 
3.  Systemic and structural differences between Czech and English 
-  Morphological systems 
-  Syntactic systems 
-  Grammatical systems 
 
As has already been mentioned above, these are not classifications of 
interference but factors which cause its occurrence. It is appropriate to clarify, at 
least briefly, what Hopkinson means by these factors.  
The first factor, inadequate use of reference materials, causes interferences 
mostly on the word level and it includes inadequate work mainly with 
dictionaries, corpora and other reference materials. Its subcategory, 
segmentation of the semantic field, has to do with what Thorovský would 
classify as semantic interference. In such a case, translators rely on the first 
example from a dictionary and do not consider wider context of a word (e.g. 
kulturní dům