Respublika ilmiy-amaliy anjumani

 
Foydalanilgan adabiyotlar: 
1.Yu.Turayev “Ta’limda sinergetik yondashuv” T., 2012.-46 b. 
2.Yu.Turayev “Binar ta’lim” T., 2006.-32 b. 
3.N.Egamberdiyeva “Fanlararo modulli ta’lim” kasbiy fanlar metodikasi 2011 yil, mart. 
3-son. 15-16 b.
Introduction of credit system in education. 
 
Abdusalimov Saidislom 
Student of Termiz State Pedagogical Institute
History and reasons Credit was introduced for the first time in the 18
th
and 19
th
centuries in the universities of USA and created in order to liberalize the educational 
process and determine the weekly academic load of the student. In 1869, the president of 
Harward Universities, Charles William Eliot, a well-known figure of American 
education, uses the concept of “credit hour”. Thus, in the 1870s and 1880s, a system 
measured by credit hours was introduced. 
Studyin with the credit system and mastering educational programs created an 
opportunity for students to independently plan the educational process, control its quality, 
and improve educational technologies. The introduction of the measure of credit 
accumulation not only gave the student great freedom, but also provided an opportunity 
to independently plan the academic process in order to become a competitive specialist 
in the chosen field in the future.

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 “Informatika va axborot texnologiyalarining dolzarb muammolari”
 
RESPUBLIKA ILMIY-AMALIY
ANJUMANI 
“Informatika va axborot texnologiyalarining dolzarb muammolari”
65 
At the same time, it led to the improvement of the evalution system and educational 
technologies. As an envisaged in the Bologna Declaration, the credit-module system, with 
an emphasis on independent education, mainly serves to fulfill two function: the first one 
ensures the mobility of students and teachers, i.e. their free translation from one higher 
education institution to another higher education institution (transfer of study or work); 
the second, the academic load – credit for all educational and scientific activities of the 
student’s chosen field of study or speciality is accurately calculated. The total number of 
credits shows how much the student has mastered in the chosen program.
The Bologna Declaration: A Retrospect Today, we hear different opinions about 
the Bologna system amd its importancefrom people involved in the education system. So 
what kind of system is this? What are its advantages and disadvantages? We continue our 
thoughts as a logical continuation of the topic. In order to create this system, since the 70s 
of the last century, it has been necessary to ensure the integration of all higher education 
institutions in Europe, to create a single standard of higher education, to establish the 
mobility of students and teachers, to recognize diplomas, to provide student knowledge. 
, efforts aimed at solving a number of problames related to the unification of points 
assigned to qualifications and skills will be initiated.
As a result of these efforts, the representatives of 29 countries signed the Bologna 
Declaration in 1999 in Bologna, Italy. To date, 48 countries participate in the Bologna 
process. Among them are Russia, Ukraina, Azerbaijan, Moldova, Armenia, Georgia, 
Kazkhstan and the Republic of Belarus from the CIS countries. Training of highly 
qualified personnel according to the Bologna system is carried out in two stages. 
Bacholar’s training usually takes no less than three years a 1-2-year master’s degree.
Many experts believe that the adoption of the Bologna Declaration is based on the 
limited capabilities of European higher education institutions in the past competitions 
with the United States in terms of acquiring students with high potential and talent, 
valuing their knowledge in the labor market, and the old opinion of many “intellectuals” 
admits that the main reason was the measures taken against the tendency to leave the 
continent and move to America. Why is the
Today, four models for the implementation of this credit measurement system are 
widespread. These are the United States Credit System (USCS); Credit system of 
European countries (ECTS); Asia Pasific Credit System (UCTS); UK Credit System 
(CATS).
The most common of these models are the US an European models. According to 
information, the Ministry of Higher and Secondary Special Education of our country 
prioritizes the use of the European ECTS system in introducing the credit system. 
Therefor, we believe that it is appropriate to dwell on its adventages, conveniences, 
achievements and shortcomings. One of the most important aspects of Bologna 
declaration is based on the use of a single “credit system” of higher education institutions 
(ECTS). A credit or a credit unit is an indicator of the value of any educational activity 
taken intonaccount in the curriculum.
The ECTS system offers great adventages to the students of European, and in 
general, the countries participating in the Bologna process. For example, it guarantiees 
that the academic knowledge acquired by the student at the university where he is 

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 “Informatika va axborot texnologiyalarining dolzarb muammolari”
 
RESPUBLIKA ILMIY-AMALIY
ANJUMANI 
“Informatika va axborot texnologiyalarining dolzarb muammolari”
66 
studying will be recoginized in the higher education institutions of the countries that are 
members of this system, that is a unique “conversion”. At the same time, this system gives 
the members the opportunity to restore, transfer and complete the study of students at 
another university.
According to the ECTS system, the number of credits that students must collect in 
one year is 60. Assuming that one academic year consists of two semesters, the 
studentshould accumulate 30 credits in each semester. If the bachelor’s program is 3-4 
years, the student must collect a total of 180-240 credits to obtain the bacholar’s degree, 
and 60-120 credits to complete the 1-2 year mater’s program. During the implementation 
of this work and in order to introduce the technology of using the credit module system 
in the teaching of computer sciences, within the framework of the 4+2 program, an open 
laboratory lesson was held for the 10
th
“A”class of the 13th general education school of 
Termiz city on the topic of using HTML tags in computer science and information 
technology was organized.