Rise and Fall of an Information Technology Outsourcing Program: a qualitative Analysis of a Troubled Corporate Initiative
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Rise and Fall of an Information Technology Outsourcing Program A
Getting ahead at Icarus.
I fully discuss the Icarus culture in the next chapter, but as it pertains to career advancement, the ability to solve increasingly challenging problems was critical. Career-expanding problems were both highly visible and required consensus with one’s peers and leadership. Executives with high aspirations vied for their next opportunity while also demonstrating a modest level of alignment with their peers’ projects. Revealing too much public resistance to a peer might lead others to reciprocate with opposition to one’s own projects. Therefore, most resistance among executives happened in the background and within small groups rather than in larger group meetings with the Chief Information Officer (CIO). Because of the personal risks associated with being seen as somebody who directly challenges their peers too often, Icarus executives would publically act aligned with one another. Occasionally, they might display a token degree of questioning or nominal opposition; however, 62 these challenges had more to do with the style and brand elements of the Icarus culture than the basis of a critical argument. Executives’ decision making is discussed in detail in Chapter Seven. It was this type of cultural behavior that allowed executives to outsource all of the IT software development for what they should have considered to be one of their core or “differentiating” capabilities (Supply Chain) while facing a digital business disruption. Executives even had an exemplar of a competitor’s failed outsourcing project—a mistake they vehemently vowed not to repeat. Although the exact scope varied between Icarus and its competitor’s flawed outsourcing initiative, Icarus also failed. Rather than advancing their moral careers, many of the Icarus executives who sponsored the outsourcing project would go on to lose their jobs or resign. 63 CHAPTER FIVE ICARUS INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY CULTURE AND ITS MANIFESTATION Sensitivity to the Icarus organizational culture (in Bourdieu’s terms, its habitus) is essential to this study’s analysis. Therefore, this chapter begins by employing Bourdieu’s (1972/1977) perspective on habitus to examine the collection of learned social practices and mental models that guided action and transmitted power among Icarus employees. Jackall’s (2010) bureaucratic ethic, Goffman’s moral career (1961), as well as Brown and Duguid’s infocentrism (2000) are highly relevant to how work was accomplished at Icarus during the period covered in this research. This chapter also draws from Bourdieu’s (1993) concept of field as the social arena and power structure based upon the capital individuals possess. The industry, or field, that Icarus is part of experienced significant technological disruption before, during, and after this research. The market forces in this field influenced executives throughout this study. Thus, it is critical to begin the analysis by adding the context of Icarus’s field. The power relationships among Icarus executives and their employees are a constant theme in this research. Bourdieu (1983/1986) posited that one’s chance of success in any social practice is dependent upon actors’ access to and deployment of their capital. Individuals used their varying economic, social, and cultural capital to support or resist SSP throughout the research. These concepts are used throughout this study, but are introduced in the analysis here along with Lincoln’s (1989) concepts of taxonomies to understand the power implications of the IT department reorganizations that executives carried out during this research. The additional lens of Braverman’s deskilling and technical labor commodification (1998) highlights the impacts of SSP on Icarus engineers. |
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