Rise and Fall of an Information Technology Outsourcing Program: a qualitative Analysis of a Troubled Corporate Initiative
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Rise and Fall of an Information Technology Outsourcing Program A
Dexterity with Symbols (Not)
Jackall (2010) described leaders’ use of euphemistic language to create a narrative about their audience’s past, present, and future in a manner their audiences wish to hear. To this extent, dialogue about facts and observations are less critical than the language used to construct the audiences’ reality, which assures the audience they are involved in current events. Along this line, Icarus IT executives attempted to influence employees’ perceptions of SSP as a “good thing” by avoiding the use of the “outsourcing” label, legitimizing Supply Chain development as “non-differentiating,” and through the town hall. However, executives’ infocentric approach to SSP contributed to their failure in each of these attempts from employees’ perspectives. By overlooking what was often happening in the “fuzzy stuff that lies around the edges” (Brown and Duguid, 2000), executives exhibited clumsy rather than dexterous communication rituals. Avoiding the “outsourcing” label. Throughout the planning and rollout of SSP, executives generally avoided the use of the word “outsourcing.” To some executives, this was 150 viewed as a missed opportunity to educate employees about the benefit of outsourcing as a legitimate and rational problem solving practice: Huge sensitivity [to the term outsourcing] at Icarus. It’s not rational at times because I think it’s very good for our shareholders. It’s good for our [customers] and team members. We don’t have to be everything to everybody, and I feel like from a technology standpoint, “outsourcing” is somehow a scary word here. I think it maybe is affiliated with cuts. [We] have a workforce with thousands upon thousands of contractors and team members [that] can be allocated in many different ways. I think . . . we missed an opportunity [with SSP] to fully educate that outsourcing is not bad . . . It’s not the case at all. Having been in companies that did this effectively, you manage these vendors harder than you could possibly believe, and the results, if it’s set up right, are phenomenal. You have to create that incentive structure between the two companies, and in some cases, those partners have to actually be at the CIO table. Some companies actually are. I’d say here, it’s not a word or a term that anybody wants to talk about. (Executive, personal communication, July 23, 2013) Note the emphasis on being able to control and maximize the output from IT vendors by this executive: “you manage these vendors harder than you could possibly believe.” As Jackall (2010) suggested, leaders successful at reaching the senior levels of their organizations develop a mastery of “dexterity with symbols.” The more difficult and complex a problem is, vaguer but elaborate the language required. Icarus executives shaped the content and form of their SSP discourse in order to create a reality dominated by a capacity problem solvable by their GSM- legitimized outsourcing solution. Understandably, one’s view of outsourcing’s benefits was most correlated with one’s position in the IT taxonomy. If you were an executive focused on 151 optimizing speed and cost, you clearly see outsourcing as a benefit. Executives also get access to greater amounts of economic capital by “managing vendors harder” than employees. If you were an employee impacted by SSP, you may have seen the benefits differently. If you were a contractor working in India, at the bottom of the taxonomy, you may have held a still different view. Executives emphasized and coached their lower-level leaders to discuss “alignment with the Global Staffing Model” rather than “outsourcing” when discussing SSP with employees. Members of the Working Team viewed these not-so-subtle language differences as evidence of a larger outsourcing strategy, or at least a perceptible trend, toward more outsourcing that they suspected had been in place since the IT reorganization: It’s been really interesting . . . [the] formal and informal [communications] started out as, “Do not say the word ‘outsource.’ We are not ‘outsourcing’ this. It is just part of our [Global Staffing Model].” People resist using the word so strongly, and we’re so sensitive to it in using [Global Staffing Model] as opposed to the word “outsource” because there was a negative connotation around “outsource.” Again, to me, it made a question mark of [why] we’re trying so hard not to call it that. We clearly are moving in the direction [to more outsourcing] and I suspected that we were moving [this direction] three years ago [with the IT department reorganization]. (Working Team Member, personal communication, October 8, 2012) Executives’ early avoidance of the term “outsourcing” and appeal to the Global Staffing Model actually raised employee suspicions rather than pacifying fears of more outsourcing. Jackall (2010) described leaders’ use of dry, vague, but elaborate and euphemistic language as a way to mask deeper issues. Often, what was not openly discussed was more important than what was. In 152 many ways, the Global Staffing Model could be used as a reference to legitimize any staffing strategy, outsourcing or otherwise. Had executives chosen to outsource a different function for SSP, they could have just as easily referred to the Global Staffing Model to communication that action. The effectiveness of avoiding the term “outsourcing” in correlation to SSP outside the Working Team was minimal. Especially in smaller informal conversations, employees and their managers were more likely to be candid with one another: I’ve never been in a position where my job was the job getting outsourced. I had [said] jokingly, when I had my one-on-one (i.e. “status” in the Icarus habitus) with my boss . . . “You mean [my job is being] outsourced?” . . . He goes [sic], “Well, it’s a ‘management Download 1.05 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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