Rise and Fall of an Information Technology Outsourcing Program: a qualitative Analysis of a Troubled Corporate Initiative


Geographic location taxonomizer—U.S. versus India


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Rise and Fall of an Information Technology Outsourcing Program A

Geographic location taxonomizer—U.S. versus India. 
The geographic location 
taxonomizer applied to both Icarus employees and TechStaff. The India-employee element of the 
taxonomy did not significantly factor into this study. However, I include a brief discussion here 
to highlight the general sentiments between Icarus’s U.S. and India teams. 
Icarus employees.
Icarus’s office in India had been operational for nearly ten years by 
the conclusion of this study. There were over 2,500 employees from multiple departments in the 
India office; however, the majority worked in the IT department. Perhaps because of an 
association between India and outsourcing, many U.S. employees and executives viewed the 
India employees as lower-skilled then their domestic peers: 
[The Icarus] India [team] is a big question mark...how do they fit? Do we go and really 
focus those resources on true commodity work and the strategic work goes to our partners 
[vendors]? In my mind, strategic always seems to tie to team [employees]. Why is 
strategic tied to team [when] our [India] team is, at best, average when it comes to IT 
development? ... [Why use] lower priced [India] team members, in some cases, whose 
throughput is not good because they’re not deeply skilled? They’re generalists. Let’s get 
a generalist [India employee] Java programmer and have them focus on the most 
commodity job of stuff we have. Let’s offload...the most cutting edge software [to a 


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vendor]. Let’s have... [India employees] focused on the really simple, straightforward 
stuff. We’ve hired some pretty junior people and “freshers” [young Indian engineers 
recently graduated or fresh out of college]. It’s not like we’re hiring the masters grads 
from...whatever those schools are in India...our Ivy League equivalents. (Executive, 
personal communication, June 23, 2013) 
In some ways, this executive appeared to place a higher value on Indian vendors over Icarus’s 
India employees. As I will discuss in the next section, this did not necessarily mean that India 
vendors had more relative power in the taxonomy than employees. What these comments did 
highlight was the commodity view many U.S. executives held of the India employees. 
Not unexpectedly, the India executives and employees opposed the notion that their sole 
purpose was to provide low-cost commodity work. Transferring work to India from the U.S. 
inherently generated defensiveness among the India team. At best, it carried a perception that the 
India team could only be counted on to perform “routine” work. At worst, it fueled rumors that 
Icarus would eventually sell its India division to a vendor: 
We have an issue with [India]. They only want to work on the sexy things; they don’t 
want to work on the more routine things. [The typical reaction from the India team is], 
“Why would I want to do this, you’re shifting this to us, is this a predecessor to...giving it 
to a third party? Is this leading to where you’re going to get rid of us from a captive 
[center], will [the U.S. headquarters] just sell us off?” So [transferring work from the 
U.S. to India] caused a lot of innuendos and underground rumors going on that we had to 
squash. (Executive, personal communication, March 20, 2013) 
Despite its neo-colonial undertones, the nomenclature of the India office as a captive center was 
common at Icarus and the general IT field. The term was used to delineate between multinational 


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firms directly owning a subsidiary in India versus outsourcing to a third-party vendor. It was also 
my experience that at least once or twice a year, a rumor would circulate that Icarus was 
planning to sell its India office to a vendor. 

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