Rus va ingliz tillari kafedrasi roman-german filologiyasiga kirish

Akkadian (the language of the Assyrian Empire) used the Cuniform writing system 
to write pre-Biblical flood and creation stories. Phonoecian and its closely related 
relatives Ugaritic (for which the alphabet was invented) and Punic (the language of 
Carthage). Nabatean, an ancestor of Arabic spoken in Petra. Syriac, a liturgical 
language of the early Christian church. The most interesting is Aramaic, once the 
administrative language of the Perisan Empire, later the language of Palestine during 
Roman times. It now survives in small pockets in Syria, Iraq, Turkey and Iran. 
The Berber Branch is spoken in the hills of North Africa by the Berbers 
(Tuareg, KabyIE). Also, in the branch was Guanch, spoken on the Canary Islands 
until becoming extinct in the 16th Century. 
People in Ethiopia, Eritrea, Sudan and Somalia speak languages of the 
Cushitic Branch (Somali, Galla, Beja, Afar). 
Hausa, the most important member of the Chadic Branch, is the main 
language of Nigeria. It was once written in the Arabic script but now uses the Latin 
alphabet. The Chadic Branch contains 600 languages spoken in Nigeria, Chad and 

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Cameroon. 
The Egyptian Branch contains Egyptian the language of Ancient Egypt 
written in hieroglyphics. Coptic is the liturgical language of the Egyptian Coptic 
Church. It uses a Greek based alphabet. It is extinct as a spoken language. 
These languages have grammars based on consonant clusters. Arabic uses 
clusters of three consonants. For example, in Arabic, the Letter triplet KTB has to do 
with writing. KiTaB is book. Plurals are all irregularly formed and the usual way is 
to change the vowels. KuTuB is books. Other words with the KTB root have 
something to do with writing: KaTaBa - to write, KaTtaBa - to make someone to 
write (i.e. to teach), maKTaB - office, KaaTiB - writer, maKTaBa -library,